Aberrant Promoter Methylation of YAP Gene and its Subsequent Downregulation in Indian Breast Cancer Patients

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86.

Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A. Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways. Cancer Treat Rev. 2012;38(6):698–707.

Shi P, Feng J, Chen C. Hippo pathway in mammary gland development and breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2015;47(1):53–9.

Maugeri-Sacca M, Barba M, Pizzuti L, Vici P, Di Lauro L, Dattilo R, Vitale I, Bartucci M, Mottolese M, De Maria R. The Hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in breast cancer: oncogenic activities and clinical implications. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2015;17:e14.

Kim SK, Jung WH, Koo JS. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is differentially expressed in tumor and stroma according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(6):3224–34.

Sudol M, Shields DC, Farooq A. Structures of YAP protein domains reveal promising targets for development of new cancer drugs. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2012;23(7):827–33.

Overholtzer M, Zhang J, Smolen GA, Muir B, Li W, Sgroi DC, Deng CX, Brugge JS, Haber DA. Transforming properties of YAP, a candidate oncogene on the chromosome 11q22 amplicon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(33):12405–10.

Basu S, Totty NF, Irwin MS, Sudol M, Downward J. Akt phosphorylates the Yes-associated protein, YAP, to induce interaction with 14-3-3 and attenuation of p73-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell. 2003;11(1):11–23.

Steinhardt AA, Gayyed MF, Klein AP, Dong J, Maitra A, Pan D, Montgomery EA, Anders RA. Expression of Yes-associated protein in common solid tumors. Hum Pathol. 2008;39(11):1582–9.

Tufail R, Jorda M, Zhao W, Reis I, Nawaz Z. Loss of Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression is associated with estrogen and progesterone receptors negativity in invasive breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;131(3):743–50.

Lamar JM, Stern P, Liu H, Schindler JW, Jiang ZG, Hynes RO. The Hippo pathway target, YAP, promotes metastasis through its TEAD-interaction domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(37):E2441–50.

Wang H, Du YC, Zhou XJ, Liu H, Tang SC. The dual functions of YAP-1 to promote and inhibit cell growth in human malignancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2014;33(1):173–81.

Hergovich A. Mammalian Hippo signalling: a kinase network regulated by protein-protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans. 2012;40(1):124–8.

Polyak K. Breast cancer: origins and evolution. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(11):3155–63.

Baylin SB, Esteller M, Rountree MR, Bachman KE, Schuebel K, Herman JG. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation, chromatin formation and gene expression in cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2001;10(7):687–92.

Sambrook JR, Russel DW. DW 2001. In: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual; 2001.

Network CGA. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490:61–70.

Chin L, Andersen JN, Futreal PA. Cancer genomics: from discovery science to personalized medicine. Nat Med. 2011;17(3):297–303.

Tomczak K, Czerwinska P, Wiznerowicz M. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA): an immeasurable source of knowledge. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2015;19(1A):A68–77.

Gao J, Aksoy BA, Dogrusoz U, Dresdner G, Gross B, Sumer SO, Sun Y, Jacobsen A, Sinha R, Larsson E et al: Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal. 2013; 6(269):pl1.

Cerami E, Gao J, Dogrusoz U, Gross BE, Sumer SO, Aksoy BA, Jacobsen A, Byrne CJ, Heuer ML, Larsson E, et al. The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data. Cancer Discov. 2012;2(5):401–4.

Li LC, Dahiya R. MethPrimer: designing primers for methylation PCRs. Bioinformatics. 2002;18(11):1427–31.

Greenbaum D, Colangelo C, Williams K, Gerstein M. Comparing protein abundance and mRNA expression levels on a genomic scale. Genome Biol. 2003;4(9):117.

Baldi P, Long AD. A Bayesian framework for the analysis of microarray expression data: regularized t -test and statistical inferences of gene changes. Bioinformatics. 2001;17(6):509–19.

Szallasi Z. Genetic network analysis in light of massively parallel biological data acquisition. Pac Symp Biocomput. 1999:5–16.

Yuan M, Tomlinson V, Lara R, Holliday D, Chelala C, Harada T, Gangeswaran R, Manson-Bishop C, Smith P, Danovi SA, et al. Yes-associated protein (YAP) functions as a tumor suppressor in breast. Cell Death Differ. 2008;15(11):1752–9.

Strano S, Munarriz E, Rossi M, Castagnoli L, Shaul Y, Sacchi A, Oren M, Sudol M, Cesareni G, Blandino G. Physical interaction with Yes-associated protein enhances p73 transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(18):15164–73.

Jaramillo-Rodriguez Y, Cerda-Flores RM, Ruiz-Ramos R, Lopez-Marquez FC, Calderon-Garciduenas AL. YAP expression in normal and neoplastic breast tissue: an immunohistochemical study. Arch Med Res. 2014;45(3):223–8.

Dhananjayan SC, Ramamoorthy S, Khan OY, Ismail A, Sun J, Slingerland J, O'Malley BW, Nawaz Z. WW domain binding protein-2, an E6-associated protein interacting protein, acts as a coactivator of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20(10):2343–54.

Wu L, Shen Y, Peng X, Zhang S, Wang M, Xu G, Zheng X, Wang J, Lu C. Aberrant promoter methylation of cancer-related genes in human breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016;12(6):5145–55.

Baylin SB. DNA methylation and gene silencing in cancer. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2005;2(Suppl 1):S4–11.

Jiang LL, Xie JK, Cui JQ, Wei D, Yin BL, Zhang YN, Chen YH, Han X, Wang Q, Zhang CL. Promoter methylation of yes-associated protein (YAP) gene in polycystic ovary syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(2):e5768.

Turker MS. Gene silencing in mammalian cells and the spread of DNA methylation. Oncogene. 2002;21(35):5388–93.

Hao Y, Chun A, Cheung K, Rashidi B, Yang X. Tumor suppressor LATS1 is a negative regulator of oncogene YAP. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(9):5496–509.

Oka T, Mazack V, Sudol M. Mst2 and Lats kinases regulate apoptotic function of Yes kinase-associated protein (YAP). J Biol Chem. 2008;283(41):27534–46.

Oudhoff MJ, Freeman SA, Couzens AL, Antignano F, Kuznetsova E, Min PH, Northrop JP, Lehnertz B, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Nishina H, Gold MR, Rossi FM, Gingras AC, Zaph C. Control of the hippo pathway by Set7-dependent methylation of Yap. Dev Cell. 2013;26(2):188–94.

Andrade D, Mehta M, Griffith J, Panneerselvam J, Srivastava A, Kim TD, Janknecht R, Herman T, Ramesh R, Munshi A. YAP1 inhibition radiosensitizes triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting the DNA damage response and cell survival pathways. Oncotarget. 2017;8(58):98495–508.

Ou C, Sun Z, Li S, Li G, Li X, Ma J. Dual roles of yes-associated protein (YAP) in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8(43):75727–41.

Zhao B, Ye X, Yu J, Li L, Li W, Li S, Lin JD, Wang CY, Chinnaiyan AM, Lai ZC, et al. TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control. Genes Dev. 2008;22(14):1962–71.