Abattoir-based study on the epidemiology of caprine tuberculosis in Ethiopia using conventional and molecular tools
Tóm tắt
Despite the important role of goats for meat and milk production in Ethiopia, little information is available on the epidemiology of caprine tuberculosis (TB). Caprine TB is important as milk is usually consumed raw particularly by Ethiopian pastoralists. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of TB in goats at an abattoir, to evaluate associated risk factors and to characterize the causative mycobacteria. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1990 randomly selected male goats that were slaughtered at Luna Export Abattoir of central Ethiopia. Postmortem examination, mycobacterial culturing and molecular typing techniques like genus typing, deletion typing and spoligotyping were used. The overall prevalence of caprine TB-like lesions was 3.5%. The lesion prevalence increased significantly with increasing age. Mycobacteria were found by culture and seen as acid fast bacilli in 12% of the goats with TB-like lesions. Characterization of the eight isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that five of them belonged to the genus Mycobacterium. Four of the latter were confirmed to be members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Further characterization of the three M. tuberculosis isolates by spoligotyping identified them as type SIT53 and two new spoligotypes. The isolation of M. tuberculosis from goats in this study indicates a potential risk of transmission of M. tuberculosis between humans and goats.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aranaz A, Liebana E, Gomez-Mampaso E, Galan JC, Cousins D, Ortega A, Blazquez J, Baquero F, Mateos A, Suarez G, Dominguez L: Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae subsp. nov: A taxonomic study of a new member of theMycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from goats in Spain. Int J Sys Bacteriol. 1999, 49: 1263-1273. 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1263.
Daniel R, Evans H, Rolfe S: Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in golden Guernsey goats in Great Britain. Vet Rec. 2009, 165: 335-342. 10.1136/vr.165.12.335.
Cadamus S, Adesokan H, Jenkins A, Van Solingen D: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis in goats, Nigeria. Em Inf Dis. 2009, 15: 2066-2069. 10.3201/eid1512.090319.
Hiko A, Agga GE: First-time detection of mycobacterium species from goats in Ethiopia. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 2010, 43: 133-139.
Tafess K, Dawo F, Sori T, Ameni G: Prevalence of caprine tuberculosis in Mid-Rift Valley area of Oromia, Ethiopia. Afr J Microbio Res. 2011, 5: 1473-1478.
Naima S, Borna M, Bakir M, Djamel Y, Fadila B, Jacob Z, Djamel G: Tuberculosis in cattle and goats in the North of Algeria. Vet Res. 2011, 4: 100-103.
Regassa A, Medhin G, Ameni G: Bovine tuberculosis is more prevalent in cattle owned by farmers with active tuberculosis in central Ethiopia. Vet J. 2008, 178: 119-125. 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.06.019.
Sharpe AE, Brady CP, Johnson AJ, Byrne W, Kenny K, Costello E: Concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd. Vet Rec. 2010, 166: 591-592. 10.1136/vr.b4825.
Prodinger WM, Brandstätter A, Naumann L, Pacciarini M, Kubica T, Boschiroli ML, Aranaz A, Nagy G, Cvetnic Z, Ocepek M, Skrypnyk A, Erler W, Niemann S, Pavlik I, Moser I: Characterization of Mycobacterium caprae isolates from Europe by mycobacterium interspersed repetitive unit genotyping. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43: 4984-4992. 10.1128/JCM.43.10.4984-4992.2005.
Nigussie T: Preliminary study of tuberculosis in small ruminants slaughtered at helimex export abattoir. 2005, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia: DVM thesis Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
O’Reilly LM, Daborn CJ: The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: a review. Tuber Lung Dis. 1995, 76: 1-46.
Ameni G, Desta F, Firdessa R: Molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from tuberculosis lesions of cattle in north eastern Ethiopia. Vet Rec. 2010, 167: 138-141. 10.1136/vr.b4881.
Hailemariam S: A brief analysis of activities of meat inspection and quarantine division. 1975, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Department of Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture
Ameni G, Aseffa A, Engers H, Young D, Gordon S, Hewinson G, Vordemieier M: High prevalence and increased severity of pathology of bovine tuberculosis in Holsteins compared to zebu breeds under field cattle husbandry in central Ethiopia. ClinVac Immunol. 2007, 14: 1356-1361.
Ameni G, Ragassa A, Kassa T, Medhin G: Survey on bovine tuberculosis and its public health implications to cattle raising families in Wolaita Soddo, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J. Anim Prod. 2001, 1: 55-62.
Berg S, Firdessa R, Habtamu M, Gadisa E, Mengistu A, Yamuah L, Ameni G, Vordermeier M, Robertson BD, Smith NH, Engers H, Young D, Hewinson RG, Aseffa A, Gordon SV: The burden of mycobacterial disease in Ethiopian cattle: implication for public health. PLoS One. 2009, 4: e5068-e5070. 10.1371/journal.pone.0005068.
Tsegaye W, Aseffa A, Machec A, Mengist Y, Bergd S, Ameni G: Conventional and molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in Addis Ababa City, the capital of Ethiopia. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 2010, 8: 143-151.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI): Goat types of Ethiopia and Eritrea: physical description and management system. 1996, Nairobi, Kenya: FARM-Africa
Steele M: Goats. Tropical Agriculturist and Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation. 1996, London: Macmillan education Ltd, 120-125.
Thrusfield M: Survey. Veterinary Epidemiology. 2005, Blackwell Science Ltd, 228-242.
Corner LA: Post-mortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. Vet Microbiol. 1994, 40: 53-63. 10.1016/0378-1135(94)90046-9.
Asseged B, Woldesenbet Z, Yimer E, Lemma E: Evaluation of abattoir inspection for the diagnosis of M. bovis infection in cattle at Addis Ababa Abattoir. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 2004, 36: 537-546.
Gracy JF: Meat Hygiene. 1986, London: Bailliere-Tindall
OIE: Bovine tuberculosis. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Part 2, Section 2.3. Chapter 2.3.3. 2010, World Organization for Animal Health,http://www.oie.int/international-standard…/terrestrial-manual/access-online,
McIlroy SG, Neill SD, McCracken RM: Pulmonary lesions and Mycobacterium. bovis excretion from the respiratory tract of tuberculin reacting cattle. Vet Rec. 1986, 118: 718-721. 10.1136/vr.118.26.718.
Wilton S, Cousins D: Detection and identification of multiple mycobacterial pathogens by DNA amplification in a single tube. PCR Methods Appl. 1992, 1: 269-273. 10.1101/gr.1.4.269.
Gordon SV, Brosch R, Billaut T, Garnier K, Eiglmeier , Cole ST: Identification of variable regions in the genomes of tubercle bacilli using bacterial artificial chromosome arrays. Mol Microbiol. 1999, 32: 643-655. 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01383.x.
Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, Van Agterveld M, Van Soolingen D, Kuijper S, Bunschoten A, Molhuizen H, Shaw R, Goyal M, Van Embden J: Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol. 1997, 35: 907-914.
Crawshaw T, Daniel R, Clifton-Hadley R, Clark J, Evans H, Rolfe S, de la Rua Domenech R: TB in goats caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Vet Rec. 2008, 163: 127-132.
Javed MT, Ahmad L, Irfan M, Ali I, Khan A, Wasiq M, Farooqi FA, Latif MS, Cagiola M: Hematological and serum protein values in tuberculin reactor and non-reactor water buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats. Pak Vet J. 2010, 30: 100-104.
Biffa D, Inangolet F, Oloya J, Asseged B, Badaso M, Yilkal A, Skjerve E: Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopian slaughter cattle based on post-mortem examination. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 2009, 41: 755-765. 10.1007/s11250-008-9248-9.
Vordermeier HM, Chambers MA, Cockle PJ, Whelan AO, Simmons J, Hewinson RG: Correlation of ESAT-6-specific gamma interferon with pathology in cattle following Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination against experimental bovine tuberculosis. Infect Immunol. 2002, 70: 3026-3032. 10.1128/IAI.70.6.3026-3032.2002.
Ayele WY, Neill SD, Zinsstag J, Pavlik I: Bovine tuberculosis: an old disease but a new threat to Africa. Int J Tub Lung Dis. 2004, 8: 924-937.
Quintas H, Reis J, Pires I, Alegria N: Tuberculosis in goats. Vet Rec. 2010, 166: 437-438.
Ocepek M, Pate M, Olnir-Dovc M, Poljak M: Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43: 3555-3557. 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3555-3557.2005.