ADHD‐ and medication‐related brain activation effects in concordantly affected parent–child dyads with ADHD

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines - Tập 48 Số 9 - Trang 899-913 - 2007
Jeffery N. Epstein1, B.J. Casey2, Simon T. Tonev3, Matthew C. Davidson2, Allan L. Reiss4, Amy Garrett4, Stephen P. Hinshaw5, Laurence L. Greenhill6, Gary H. Glover4, Keith M. Shafritz7, Alan Vitolo5, Lisa A. Kotler6, Matthew A. Jarrett3, Julie Spicer2
1Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
2Sackler Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA;
4Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
5Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
6Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
7Department of Psychology, Hofstra#N# University, Hempstead, NY, USA

Tóm tắt

Background:  Several studies have documented fronto‐striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication.Method:  A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent–child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent–child dyads. In addition, ADHD dyads were administered double‐blind methylphenidate and placebo in a counterbalanced fashion over two consecutive days of testing. Frontostriatal function was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a go/no‐go task.Results:  Youths and adults with ADHD showed attenuated activity in fronto‐striatal regions. In addition, adults with ADHD appeared to activate non‐fronto‐striatal regions more than normals. A stimulant medication trial showed that among youths, stimulant medication increased activation in fronto‐striatal and cerebellar regions. In adults with ADHD, increases in activation were observed in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in prefrontal regions.Conclusions:  This study extends findings of fronto‐striatal dysfunction to adults with ADHD and highlights the importance of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry in this disorder, providing evidence of an endophenotype for examining the genetics of ADHD.

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Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Tập 48 Số 9

899-913

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