A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds
Tóm tắt
A universal scale (to be known as the BBCH scale) using a decimal code for the description of the growth stages of most agricultural crops and weeds is proposed. The scale and codes are based on the well‐known Zadoks code for cereals.
Developmentally similar growth stages of different crops are given the same codes. The general scale provides a framework within which more specific scales for individual crops may be constructed. The uniformity of the scale makes it easy to remember and use in agricultural practice and simplifies storage and retrieval in a computer system.
A description of the general scale is given followed by specific scales for cereals, rice, maize, oilseed rape, field beans, peas and sunflower. Comparisons with scales currently in use are given where appropriate.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
ANON., 1976, Manual of plant growth stage and disease assessment keys. Field bean growth stages key no.4.1
ANON., 1979, Entwicklungsstadien bei Getreide, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig. Merkblatt, 27, 1
Bleiholder H., 1989, Einheitliche Codierung der phänologischen Stadien bei Kultur‐ und Schadpflanzen, Gesunde Pflanzen, 41, 381
Bleiholder H., 1990, Proceedings 1990 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, 667
Böhm J., 1988, Entwicklungsstadien der Sonnenblume, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig. Merkblatt, 27, 11
Feekes W.(1941).De Tarwe en haar milieu.Verslag XVII. Technische Tarwe Commission Groeningen 560–561.
Hanway J. J., 1970, Crop Loss Assessment Methods
Keller C., 1954, Les stades repères dans la végétation du blé, Revue Romande d'Agriculture, Lausanne, 10, 17
Siddiqui M. Q., 1975, Growth stages of sunflower and intensity indices for white blister and rust, Plant Disease Reporter, 59, 7
Sylvester‐Bradley R.(1985).Revision of a code for stages of development in oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.).Aspects of Applied Biology 10 Field Trials Methods and Data Handling 395–400.
Sylvester‐Bradley R. Makepeace R. J.&Broad H.(1984).A code for stages of development in oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.).Aspects of Applied Biology 6 Agronomy physiology plant breeding and crop protection of oilseed rape 399–419.
Weber E., 1990, Erläuterungen zu den BBCH‐Dezimal‐Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba‐Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse ‐ mit Abbildungen, Gesunde Pflanzen, 42, 308
Witzenberger A., 1989, Erläuterungen zum BBCH‐Dezimal‐Code für die Entwicklungsstadien des Getreides ‐ mit Abbildungen, Gesunde Pflanzen, 41, 384