A study of individual values and employment equity in Canada, France and Ireland

Emerald - Tập 27 Số 7 - Trang 629-645 - 2008
Sudhir K.Saha1, DavidO’Donnell2, TaranPatel3, JohnHeneghan4
1Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
2Intellectual Capital Research Institute of Ireland, Ballyagran, Ireland
3La Rochelle Business School, Les Minimes, La Rochelle, France
4Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Tóm tắt

PurposeThe purpose of this paper, in the context of the employment equity (EE) field, is to explore the relationship between individual values/beliefs and simulated hiring decisions of minority candidates in Canada, France and Ireland.Design/methodology/approachIndividual values/beliefs were elicited using Likert type scales; subjects responded to a series of simulated hiring scenarios.FindingsThe link between individual value and belief systems and EE‐related HR decision making on recruitment of minority candidates is modestly supported by the findings presented here. The values/beliefs of students from leading business schools influenced, if in part, their simulated hiring decisions on minority candidates presented in the scenarios. National context also matters as EE institutions differ at the societal level of analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe subjects were business school students of limited work experience addressing scenario situations, not practicing managers making real hiring decisions. The use of self‐reports leads to the usual issues related to common method variance, the consistency motif, social desirability bias, and so on and we note the limits due to the reverse ecological fallacy. Research findings provide modest support to this argument but should be treated with caution.Practical implicationsIndividual values and beliefs matter in HR decision making on recruitment of minority candidates.Originality/valueMuch EE research focuses on antecedents of values/beliefs; this paper is one of a handful of investigations that attempts to establish possible outcomes of values/beliefs towards EE.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abella, R.S. (1984), Report of the Commission on Equality in Employment, Government of Canada, Ottawa.

Belcourt, M., Bohlander, G. and Snell, S. (2005), Managing Human Resources, 4th Canadian ed., Thompson‐Nelson Publishers, Toronto.

Bobocel, D.R., Davey, L.M., Son Hing, L.S. and Zanna, M.P. (2001), “The concern for justice and reactions to affirmative action: cause or rationalization?”, available at: http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/∼iopsych/SonHing,%20Bobocel%20&%20Zanna%20(2002).PDF

Caiden, G.E. and Caiden, N.J. (2001), “The experience of the United States and the United Kingdom in the area of diversity”, United Nations Group Meeting on Managing Diversity in the Civil Service, UN HQ, New York, NY, 3‐4 May.

Devine, P.G. (1989), “Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 56, pp. 5‐18.

Fiske, S.T. and Neuberg, S.L. (1990), “A continuum of impression formation, from category‐based to individuating processes: influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation”, in Zanna, M.P. (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 23, Academic Press, New York, NY, pp. 1‐74.

Forbes, I. (1989), “Unequal partners: the implementation of equal opportunities policy in Western Europe”, Public Administration, Vol. 67 No. 5, pp. 19‐38.

Ford, J.K., MacCallum, R.C. and Tait, M. (1986), “An application of exploratory factor analysis in applied psychology: a critical review and analysis”, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 39, pp. 291‐314.

Fortune (2005), “City of light and fire”, Fortune, Vol. 152 No. 10, November, pp. 19‐20.

Fritzsche, B., Meyer, J. and Owings, S. (1999), “Individual differences in modern sexism: implications for hiring judgments and affirmative action training”, in Shore, L.M. (Chair), Diversity in Organizations: Some Substantive and Methodological Issues, Symposium Conducted at the 14th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, GA, May.

Habermas, J. (1999), The Inclusion of the Other, Polity/Blackwell, Cambridge.

Hair, J., Rolph, A. and Tatham, R. (1987), Multivariate Data Analysis, 2nd ed., Macmillan, New York, NY.

Harrison, D.A, Kravitz, D.A., Mayer, D.M., Leslie, L.M. and Lev‐Arey, D. (2006), “Understanding attitudes toward affirmative action programs in employment: summary and meta‐analysis of 35 years of research”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91 No. 5, pp. 1013‐36.

Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.

Hofstede, G. (2002), “The pitfalls of cross‐national survey research: a reply to the article by Spector et al. on the psychometric properties of the Hofstede values survey module 1984”, Applied Psychology, Vol. 51 No. 1, pp. 170‐8.

Kluckholm, C. (1952), “Values and value‐orientation in the theory of action: an exploration in definition and classification”, in Parsons, T. and Shils, E. (Eds), Toward a General Theory of Action, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 395‐418.

Kravitz, D.A. and Gunna, Y. (2004), Affirmative Action Knowledge Test, personal communication to 1st author.

Kravitz, D., Harrison, D., Turner, M., Levine, E., Chaves, W., Brannick, M., Donna, D., Russell, C. and Conrad, M. (1997), “Affirmative action: a review of psychological and behavioural research, a monograph published by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology”, available at: www.siop.org/AffirmAct/siopsaartoc.htm

Laufer, J. (2003), “Equal employment policy in France: symbolic support and a mixed record”, Review of Policy Research, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 423‐42.

McGuire, D., Garavan, T.N., Saha, S.K. and O’Donnell, D. (2006), “The impact of individual values on human resource decision‐making by line managers”, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 252‐73.

Naff, K.C. (1998), “Progress toward achieving a representative federal bureaucracy: the impact of supervisors and their beliefs”, Public Personnel Management, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 135‐50.

New Statesman (2005), “Urban life”, Vol. 143 No. 4766, November, p. 28.

Ó hAodha, M., O’Donnell, D. and Power, C. (Eds) (2007), The Stranger in Ourselves: Ireland's Others, A. & A. Farmar, Dublin.

Rokeach, M. (1968), Beliefs, Attitudes and Values: A Theory of Organization and Change, Jossey‐Bass, San Francisco, CA.

Rokeach, M. (1973), The Nature of Human Values, Free Press, New York, NY.

Schwartz, S.H. (1992), “Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 1‐65.

Schwartz, S.H. (1994), “Beyond individualism/collectivism: new cultural dimensions of values”, in Kim, U., Triandis, H.C., Kagitcibasi, C., Choi, S.C. and Yoon, C. (Eds), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and Applications, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Schwind, H.F., Das, H. and Wagar, T.H. (1999), Human Resource Management, 5th ed., McGraw‐Hill Ryerson, Whitby.

Slack, J.D. (1987), “City managers, police chiefs, and fire chiefs in the south: testing for determinants and impact of attitudes toward affirmative action”, Review of Public Personnel Administration, Vol. 8 No. 1, pp. 11‐32.

Son Hing, L.S., Bobocel, D.R. and Zanna, M.P. (2001), “Meritocracy and opposition to affirmative action: making concessions in the face of discrimination”, available at: www.isjr.org/Newsletter‐Issue2‐01.html

Usunier, J. (1998), International and Cross‐Cultural Management Research, Sage, London.