A structured SWOT approach to develop strategies for the government of Macau, SAR
Tóm tắt
This paper attempts to deploy a systematic and structural approach to examine Macau's strengths and weaknesses and to scan its external opportunities and threats. A fresh way to quantify the extent of perceived opportunities and threats is introduced here. This is adopted and modified from the quality management tool box, i.e. the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and success mode and effects analysis (SMEA).
The internal factors, i.e. its strengths and weaknesses are systematically and structurally gauged using a Likert scale of 0 to 10 (i.e. 0 representing least important or least well performed … to 10 representing most important and best performed).
Following the matching of internal factors with the external factors in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, a list of meaningful responses is identified as possible strategies for the Macau SAR Government. The SWOT analysis is simple to use yet powerful and flexible in responding to changes in the external environment and should be useful to organizations both in the commercial sector and government machinery.
This innovative and structured strategic formulation approach is useful to both business practitioners and management consultants.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Brandenburger, A. and Nalebuff, B. (1996), Co‐Opetition: A Revolution Mindset that Combines Competition and Cooperation, Doubleday, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, New York, NY.
Crow, K. (2002), “Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)”, available at: www.npd‐solutions.com/fmea.html (accessed 26 March 2007).
Crowe, T.J. and Cheng, C.‐C. (1996), “Using quality function deployment in manufacturing strategic planning”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 35‐48.
Feurer, R. and Chaharbaghi, K. (1997), “Strategy development: past, present and future”, Training for Quality, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 58‐70.
Gu, X. (2009), “Using SWOT analysis to develop strategies for Macau”, Proceedings of The 3rd Pan‐Pearl River Delta Quality Forum and The 13th Hong Kong Quality Management Convention, A regional quality forum jointly organized by the Macau Quality Management Association, Hong Kong Quality Management Association, Shenzhen Association for Quality, and the Macao Polytechnic Institute, 24‐26 March, pp. 211‐23.
Humphrey, A.S. (2005), “SWOT analysis”, available at: www.businessballs.com/swotanalysisfreetemplate.htm.
Ip, Y.K. and Koo, L.C. (2004), “BSQ strategic formulation framework: a hybrid of balanced scorecard, SWOT analysis and quality function deployment”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 533‐43.
Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1996), The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2001), The Strategy‐Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Boston, MA.
Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2004), Strategy Maps: Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Outcomes, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Boston, MA.
Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R. (2005), Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
Koo, L.C. (1997), “Improving quality service through Balanced Scorecard”, The 2nd International Conference on Quality and Reliability, Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China (TNUAA), Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 147‐53.
Koo, L.C. (1998), “Building Balanced Scorecard on the House of Quality”, paper presented at The 1st Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) Symposium, Transformational Strategy towards the 21st Century, Hong Kong, 20‐21 November.
Koo, L.C. (2007), “A holistic approach for strategic development for the Macau gaming industry through SWOT, balanced scorecard, and QFD”, Macao Social Science: Review and Prospect: Collection of papers on 1st Macao Social Science Conference, Macao Foundation, pp. 194‐207.
Koo, L.C. and Koo, H. (2007a), “Evolution of a structural approach to scan external environment”, Asia International Open University (Macau) Journal, Vol. 10, pp. 68‐74.
Koo, L.C. and Koo, H. (2007b), “Holistic approach for diagnosing, prioritising, implementing and monitoring effective strategies through synergetic fusion of SWOT, Balanced Scorecard and QFD”, World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 62‐78.
Koo, L.C. and Koo, H. (2008), “Developing strategies for the government of Macau, SAR with SWOT analysis”, Electronic Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Public Management in 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges, 14‐15 October, Macau SAFP.
Koo, L.C., Koo, H. and Liu, S.B. (2009), “Strategies for Macau's development”, Proceedings of Rising Macao: Review and Prospects on the 10th Anniversary of Macao SAR, International Conference, Macao Polytechnic Institute, 21‐22 April.
Koo, L.C., Koo, H. and Luk, L. (2008), “A pragmatic and holistic approach to strategic formulation through adopting balanced scorecard, SWOT analysis and Blue Ocean strategy – a case study of a consumer product manufacturer in China”, Int. J. Managerial and Financial Accounting, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 127‐46.
Koo, L.C., Tao, F., Koo, H., Chan, Y.K., Ip, P. and Chau, G. (2005), “The BSQ strategic model: a case study of HKQMA”, Asia International Open University (Macau) Journal, Vol. 5, pp. 1‐17.
Kotler, P. (2000), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Lee, S.F. and Ko, A.S.O. (2000), “Building Balanced Scorecard with SWOT analysis, and implementing ‘Sun Tzu's The Art of Business Management Strategies’ on QFD methodology”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 15 Nos 1/2, pp. 68‐76.
Weihrich, H. (1982), “The TOWS matrix: a tool for situational analysis”, Journal of Long Range Planning, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 54‐66.
Weihrich, H. (1999), “Analyzing the competitive advantages and disadvantages of Germany with the TOWS matrix: an alternative to Porter's model”, European Business Review, Vol. 99 No. 1, pp. 9‐22.
Xia, L. (2008), “Macau's perceived corruption level ‘worsening’”, The Macau Post Daily, September 24, p. 2.