A review on the systems approach for solving the complexity of the environmental problematique of cities in Africa

Future Cities and Environment - Tập 1 Số 0 - Trang 11
Innocent Chirisa1, Simbarashe O Dirwai1, Abraham R. Matamanda2
1Dept of Rural & Urban Planning, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 263-4, Zimbabwe
2Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare 263-4, Zimbabwe.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

African Development Bank (2011) Africa in 50 years’ Time-The Road Towards Inclusive Growth. African Development Bank Group, Tunis

Commins S (2011) Urban Fragility and Security in Africa. Africa Security Brief No. 12. Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Washington

Conca K (2004) Environmental governance after Johannesburg: from stalled legalization to environmental human rights? J Int Law Int Relat 1(1–2):121–138

Dubbale DA, Tsutsumi J, Bendewald MJ (2010) Urban environmental challenges in developing cities: the case of Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 42:397–402

Duquennois, A. N., and Newman, P., 2009. Linking the Green and Brown Agendas: A Case Study on Cairo, Egypt,Global Report on Human Settlements 2009: http://www.unhabitat.org/grhs/2009 , [Accessed 5 November 2013]

Economist Intelligence Unit (2011) African Green City Index: Assessing the Environmental Performance of Africa’s Major Cities. Siemens AG, Munich, Germany

European Union (2014). Copenhagen - European Green Capital 2014. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ENV-13-004_Copenhagen_EN_final_webres.pdf . (Accessed 14 January 2015)

Forrester JW (2009) Some Basic Concepts in System Dynamics. Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts

Herald, 2010, October 14. The Herald. Retrieved from Let’s join hands to green Harare: http://www.herald.co.zw/lets-join-hands-to-green-harare , [Accessed 7 November 2013].

Inter-American Development Bank. (1997) Good Practices for Urban Greening. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C

Ibrahim Foundation MO (2013) Africa Ahead: The Next 50 Years. 2013 Ibrahim Forum Facts and Figures (pp. 3–112). MO Ibrahim foundation, Addis Ababa

Mpofu TP (2013) Environmental challenges of urbanization: a case study for open green space management. Res J Agric Environ Manag 2(4):105–110

OECD., 2013. OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour. Greening Household Behaviour: Overview from the 2011 Survey: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264181373-en , [Accessed 7 November 2013].

Pickett ST, McGrath B, Cadenasso M, Felson AJ (2014) Ecological resilience and resilient cities. Build Res Inf 42(2):143–157

Silvaa J, Kernaghanb S, Luquec A (2012) A systems approach to meeting the challenges of urban climate change. Int J Urban Sustain Dev 2012:1–12

The Cities Alliance (2007) Liveable Cities: The Benefits of Urban Environmental Planning. The Cities Alliance, Washington

Todaro MP (1997) Urbanization, Unemployment, and Migration in Africa: Theory and Policy. In: Todaro MP (ed) Economic Development (p. Chapter 8). Longman, New York and London

UN-HABITAT (2010) The State of African Cities 2010 Governance, Inequality and Urban Land Markets. UN-HABITAT, Nairobi

UN-HABITAT (2012) State of the world’s Cities 2012/2013 Prosperity of Cities. UN-HABITAT, Nairobi

Young E (2013) Looking Beyond the Obvious: Globalization and new Opportunities for Growth. Ernst and Young, London

Zengeni N, Zengeni DM, Muzambi S (2013) Hoteliers’ perceptions of the impacts of green tourism on hotel operating costs in Zimbabwe: the case of selected Harare hotels. Aust J Bus Manag Res 2(11):64–73