A novel synthetic trivalent single chain variable fragment (tri-scFv) construction platform based on the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system

Ayyar BV, Arora S, Ravi SS. Optimizing antibody expression: the nuts and bolts. Methods. 2017;116:51–62.

Holliger P, Hudson PJ. Engineered antibody fragments and the rise of single domains. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23:1126–36.

Adams GP, Schier R, McCall AM, Simmons HH, Horak EM, Alpaugh RK, Marks JD, Weiner LM. High affinity restricts the localization and tumor penetration of single-chain Fv antibody molecules. Cancer Res. 2001;61:4750–5.

Brekke OH, Løset GÅ. New technologies in therapeutic antibody development. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2003;3:544–50.

Kovar JL, Simpson MA, Schutz-Geschwender A, Olive DM. A systematic approach to the development of fluorescent contrast agents for optical imaging of mouse cancer models. Anal Biochem. 2007;367:1–12.

Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG, van Dam GM, Nagengast WB, Ntziachristos V, Hollema H, Herek JL, Schröder CP, Kosterink JG, Lub-de Hoog MN, de Vries EG. Intraoperative nearinfrared fluorescence tumor imaging with vascular endothelial growth factor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeting antibodies. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1778–85.

Olafsen T, Wu AM. Antibody vectors for imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2010;40:167–81.

Zalevsky J, Chamberlain AK, Horton HM, Karki S, Leung IW, Sproule TJ, Lazar GA, Roopenian DC, Desjarlais JR. Enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity. Nat Biotechnol. 2010;28:157–9.

Beck A, Reichert JM. Therapeutic fc-fusion proteins and peptides as successful alternatives to antibodies. MAbs. 2011;3:415–6.

Chames P, Van Regenmortel M, Weiss E, Baty D. Therapeutic antibodies: successes, limitations and hopes for the future. Br J Pharmaco. 2009;157:220–33.

Todorovska A, Roovers RC, Dolezal O, Kortt AA, Hoogenboom HR, Hudson PJ. Design and application of diabodies, triabodies and tetrabodies for cancer targeting. J Immunol Methods. 2001;248:47–66.

Wu AM, Chen W, Raubitschek A, Williams LE, Neumaier M, Fischer R, Hu SZ, Odom-Maryon T, Wong JY, Shively JE. Tumor localization of anti-CEA single-chain Fvs: improved targeting by non-covalent dimers. Immunotechnology. 1996;2:21–36.

Cuesta ÁM, Sainz-Pastor N, Bonet J, Oliva B, Álvarez-Vallina L. Multivalent antibodies: when design surpasses evolution. Trends Biotechnol. 2010;28:355–62.

Schmidt MM, Wittrup KD. A modeling analysis of the effects of molecular size and binding affinity on tumor targeting. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8:2861–71.

Hu SZ, Shively L, Raubitschek A, Sherman M, Williams LE, Wong JY, Shively JE, Minibody WAM. A novel engineered anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody fragment (single-chain Fv-C H 3) which exhibits rapid, high-level targeting of xenografts. Cancer Res. 1996;56(13):3055–61.

Cuesta ÁM, Sánchez-Martín D, Sanz L, Bonet J, Compte M, Kremer L, Blanco FJ, Oliva B, Álvarez-Vallina L. In vivo tumor targeting and imaging with engineered trivalent antibody fragments containing collagen-derived sequences. PLoS One. 2009;4:e5381.

Spiess C, Zhai Q, Carter PJ. Alternative molecular formats and therapeutic applications for bispecific antibodies. Mol Immunol. 2015;67:95–106.

Williams LE, Wu AM, Yazaki PJ, Liu A, Raubitschek AA, Shively JE, Wong JY. Numerical selection of optimal tumor imaging agents with application to engineered antibodies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2001;16(1):25–35.

Little M, Kipriyanov SM, Le Gall F, Moldenhauer G. Of mice and men: hybridoma and recombinant antibodies. Immunol Today. 2000;21:364–70.

Mertens N. Tribodies: fab–scfv fusion proteins as a platform to create multifunctional pharmaceuticals. In: Bispecific Antibodies: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. p. 135–49.

Nuñez-Prado N, Compte M, Harwood S, Álvarez-Méndez A, Lykkemark S, Sanz L, Álvarez-Vallina L. The coming of age of engineered multivalent antibodies. Drug Discov Today. 2015;20:588–94.

Dolezal O, Pearce LA, Lawrence LJ, McCoy AJ, Hudson PJ, Kortt AA. ScFv multimers of the anti-neuraminidase antibody NC10: shortening of the linker in single-chain Fv fragment assembled in V(L) to V(H) orientation drives the formation of dimers, trimers, tetramers and higher molecular mass multimers. Protein Eng. 2000;13:565–74.

Power BE, Doughty L, Shapira DR, Burns JE, Bayly AM, Caine JM, Liu Z, Scott AM, Hudson PJ, Kortt AA. Noncovalent scFv multimers of tumor-targeting anti-Lewis(y) hu3S193 humanized antibody. Protein Sci. 2003;12:734–47.

Blanco-Toribio A, Sainz-Pastor N, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, Merino N, Cuesta ÁM, Sánchez-Martín D, Bonet J, Santos-Valle P, Sanz L, Oliva B, Blanco FJ. Generation and characterization of monospecific and bispecific hexavalent trimerbodies. MAbs. 2013;5:70–9.

Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo VJ, Cuesta ÁM, Sanz L, Compte M, García P, Prieto J, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Enhanced antiangiogenic therapy with antibody-collagen XVIII NC1 domain fusion proteins engineered to exploit matrix remodeling events. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:455–62.

Cuesta ÁM, Sánchez-Martín D, Blanco-Toribio A, Villate M, Enciso-Álvarez K, Alvarez-Cienfuegos A, Sainz-Pastor N, Sanz L, Blanco FJ, Álvarez-Vallina L. Improved stability of multivalent antibodies containing the human collagen XV trimerization domain. MAbs. 2012;4:226–32.

Willuda J, Kubetzko S, Waibel R, Schubiger PA, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Pluckthun A. Tumor targeting of mono-, di-, and tetravalent anti-p185(HER-2) miniantibodies multimerized by self-associating peptides. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:14385–92.

Zakeri B, Fierer JO, Celik E, Chittock EC, Schwarz-Linek U, Moy VT, Howarth M. Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:690–7.

Li L, Fierer JO, Rapoport TA, Howarth M. Structural analysis and optimization of the covalent association between SpyCatcher and a peptide tag. J Mol Biol. 2014;426:309–17.

Alam MK, Gonzalez C, Hill W, El-Sayed A, Fonge H, Barreto K, Geyer CR. Synthetic modular antibody construction using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system. Chembiochem. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201700411 .

Yumura K, Akiba H, Nagatoishi S, Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T, Tsumoto K. Use of SpyTag/SpyCatcher to construct bispecific antibodies that target two epitopes of a single antigen. J Biochem. 2017;162:203–10.

Yang D, Singh A, Wu H, Kroe-Barrett R. Comparison of biosensor platforms in the evaluation of high affinity antibody-antigen binding kinetics. Anal Biochem. 2016;508:78–96.

Wilson TR, Lee DY, Berry L, Shames DS, Settleman J. Neuregulin-1-mediated autocrine signaling underlies sensitivity to HER2 kinase inhibitors in a subset of human cancers. Cancer Cell. 2011;20:158–72.

Oliveira S, Van Dongen GA, Stigter-Van Walsum M, Roovers RC, Stam JC, Mali W, van Diest PJ, Van Bergen en Henegouwen PM. Rapid visualization of human tumor xenografts through optical imaging with a near-infrared fluorescent anti– epidermal growth factor receptor Nanobody. Mol Imaging. 2012;11:33–46.