A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight
Tóm tắt
The last two decades have seen a remarkable increase in the known diversity of basal avialans and their paravian relatives. The lack of resolution in the relationships of these groups combined with attributing the behavior of specialized taxa to the base of Paraves has clouded interpretations of the origin of avialan flight. Here, we describe
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Agnolin, 2013, Avian ancestors: a review of the phylogenetic relationships of the theropods Unenlagiidae, Microraptoria, Anchiornis and Scansoriopterygidae, 96, 10.1007/978-94-007-5637-3
Agnolin, 2019, Paravian phylogeny and the dinosaur-bird transition: an overview, Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 252, 10.3389/feart.2018.00252
Agnolin, 2012, New alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from uppermost Cretaceous of north-western Patagonia with associated eggs, Cretaceous Research, 35, 33, 10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.014
Barsbold, 1974, Saurornithoididae, a new family of small theropod dinosaurs from Central Asia and North America, Palaeontologia Polonica, 30, 5
Barsbold, 1999, The skull of Velociraptor (Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 44, 189
Barsbold, 1987, On a new troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 32, 121
Benson, 2014, Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage, PLOS Biology, 12, e1001853, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001853
Brusatte, 2013, The phylogeny of basal coelurosaurian theropods (Archosauria: Dinosauria) and patterns of morphological evolution during the dinosaur-bird transition, 944
Brusatte, 2014, Gradual assembly of avian body plan culminated in rapid rates of evolution across the dinosaur-bird transition, Current Biology, 24, 2386, 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.034
Brusatte, 2013, The osteology of Balaur bondoc, an island-dwelling dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Romania, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1, 10.1206/798.1
Burnham, 2004, New information on Bambiraptor feinbergi (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Montana, Feathered Dragons. Studies on the Transition from Dinosaurs to Birds, 67
Carpenter, 2005a, New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, The Carnivorous Dinosaurs, 23
Carpenter, 2005b, Redescription of the small maniraptoran theropods Ornitholestes and Coelurus from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, Carnivorous Dinosaurs, 49
Cau, 2018, The assembly of the avian body plan: a 160-million-year long process, Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 57, 1
Cau, 2017, Synchrotron scanning reveals amphibious ecomorphology in a new clade of bird-like dinosaurs, Nature, 552, 395, 10.1038/nature24679
Cau, 2015, The phylogenetic affinities of the bizarre Late Cretaceous Romanian theropod Balaur bondoc (Dinosauria, Maniraptora): dromaeosaurid or flightless bird?, PeerJ, 3, e1032, 10.7717/peerj.1032
Chiappe, 1999, Anatomy and systematics of the Confuciusornithidae (Theropoda: Aves) from the Late Mesozoic of northeastern China, Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 242, 1
Choiniere, 2012, New information on Nqwebasaurus thwazi, a coelurosaurian theropod from the Early Cretaceous Kirkwood Formation in South Africa, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 71–72, 1, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.05.005
Choiniere, 2010, A basal alvarezsauroid theropod from the Early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China, Science, 327, 571, 10.1126/science.1182143
Chure, 1994, Koparion douglassi, a new dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument; the oldest troodontid (Theropoda: Maniraptora), Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 40, 11
Clarke, 2002, The morphology and systematic position of Ichthyornis Marsh and the phylogenetic relationships of basal Ornithurae, 532
Colbert, 1969, The small Cretaceous dinosaur Dromaeosaurus, American Museum Novitates, 2380
Currie, 1995, New information on the anatomy and relationships of Dromaeosaurus albertensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, 576, 10.1080/02724634.1995.10011250
Currie, 2001, New information on Cretaceous troodontids (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the People’s Republic of China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, 1753, 10.1139/e01-065
Czerkas, 2002, An arboreal maniraptoran from Northeast China. Feathered Dinosaurs and the Origin of Flight, Dinosaur Museum Journal, 1, 63
Dal Sasso, 2011, Scipionyx samniticus (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Italy: Osteology, ontogenetic assessment, phylogeny, soft tissue anatomy, taphonomy, and palaeobiology, 281
Dececchi, 2011, Assessing arboreal adaptations of bird antecedents: testing the ecological setting of the origin of the avian flight stroke, PLOS ONE, 6, e22292, 10.1371/journal.pone.0022292
Dececchi, 2013, Body and limb size dissociation at the origin of birds: uncoupling allometric constraints across a macroevolutionary transition, Evolution, 67, 2741, 10.1111/evo.12150
Dececchi, 2016, The wings before the bird: an evaluation of flapping-based locomotory hypotheses in bird antecedents, PeerJ, 4, e2159, 10.7717/peerj.2159
Dececchi, 2012, Yixianosaurus longimanus (Theropoda: Dinosauria) and its bearing on the evolution of Maniraptora and ecology of the Jehol fauna, Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 59, 111
DePalma, 2015, The first giant raptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Hell Creek Formation, Paleontological Contributions, 14, 16, 10.17161/paleo.1808.18764
Feduccia, 2015, Testing the neoflightless hypothesis: propatagium reveals flying ancestry of oviraptorosaurs, Journal of Ornithology, 156, 1067, 10.1007/s10336-015-1190-9
Field, 2018, Complete Ichthyornis skull illuminates mosaic assembly of the avian head, Nature, 557, 96, 10.1038/s41586-018-0053-y
Foster, 2003, Paleoecological analysis of the vertebrate fauna of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Rocky Mountain Region, USA: Bulletin 23, 23
Foth, 2017, Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 236, 10.1186/s12862-017-1076-y
Foth, 2014, New specimen of Archaeopteryx provides insights into the evolution of pennaceous feathers, Nature, 511, 79, 10.1038/nature13467
Gao, 2012, A second soundly sleeping dragon: new anatomical details of the Chinese troodontid Mei long with implications for phylogeny and taphonomy, PLOS ONE, 7, e45203, 10.1371/journal.pone.0045203
Gauthier, 1986, Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds, Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 8, 1
Gianechini, 2011, Unenlagiinae revisited: dromaeosaurid theropods from South America, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 83, 163, 10.1590/S0001-37652011000100009
Gianechini, 2017, The cranial osteology of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Makovicky, ApesteguÍa, and AgnolÍn, 2005 (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 37, e1255639, 10.1080/02724634.2017.1255639
Gianechini, 2018, Postcranial skeletal anatomy of the holotype and referred specimens of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum Makovicky, Apesteguía and Agnolín 2005 (Theropoda, Dromaeosauridae), from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, PeerJ, 6, e4558, 10.7717/peerj.4558
Gilmore, 1924, On Troodon validus, an orthopodous dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, Department of Geology, University of Alberta Bulletin, 1, 1
Gishlick, 2002, The functional morphology of the forelimb of Deinonychus antirrhopus and its importance for the origin of avian flight, 142
Godefroit, 2013a, A Jurassic avialan dinosaur from China resolves the early phylogenetic history of birds, Nature, 498, 359, 10.1038/nature12168
Godefroit, 2008, A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 432, 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[432:ansovd]2.0.co;2
Godefroit, 2013b, Reduced plumage and flight ability of a new Jurassic paravian theropod from China, Nature Communications, 4, 1394, 10.1038/ncomms2389
Goloboff, 2016, TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics, Cladistics, 32, 221, 10.1111/cla.12160
Hartman, 2005, Phylogenetic assessment of a maniraptoran from the Morrison Formation, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25, 67A
Holtz, 1994, The arctometatarsalian pes, an unusual structure of the metatarsus of Cretaceous Theropoda (Dinosauria: Saurischia), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14, 480, 10.1080/02724634.1995.10011574
Holtz, 1998, Denticle morphometrics and a possibly omnivorous feeding habit for the theropod dinosaur Troodon, Gaia, 15, 159
Hone, 2016, Ontogeny and the fossil record: what, if anything, is an adult dinosaur?, Biology Letters, 12, 20150947, 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0947
Hu, 2018, A bony-crested Jurassic dinosaur with evidence of iridescent plumage highlights complexity in early paravian evolution, Nature Communications, 9, 217, 10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y
Hu, 2009, A pre-Archaeopteryx troodontid theropod from China with long feathers on the metatarsus, Nature, 461, 640, 10.1038/nature08322
Jenner, 2004, The scientific status of metazoan cladistics: why current research practice must change, Zoologica Scripta, 33, 293, 10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00153.x
Jennings, 2006, Taphonomic analysis of a dinosaur feeding site using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Morrison Formation, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, Palaios, 21, 480, 10.2110/palo.2005.P05-062R
Jennings, 2011, Differentiating paleowetland subenvironments using a multi-disciplinary approach: an example from the Morrison formation, South Central Wyoming, USA, Sedimentary Geology, 238, 23, 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.03.005
Jensen, 1989, Small pterosaurs and dinosaurs from the Uncomphagre fauna (Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation: ?Tithonian), Late Jurassic, western Colorado, Journal of Paleontology, 63, 364, 10.1017/S0022336000019533
Ji, 2011, A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 162, 201, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00671.x
Ji, 2005, First avialan bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.), Geological Bulletin of China, 24, 197
Kobayashi, 2005, Anatomy of Harpymimus okladnikovi Barsbold and Perle 1984 (Dinosauria; Theropoda) of Mongolia, Carnivorous Dinosaurs, 97
Kurochkin, 1999, The relationships of the Early Cretaceous Ambiortus and Otogornis (Aves: Ambiortiformes), Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89, 275
Lee, 2014a, Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus, Nature, 515, 257, 10.1038/nature13874
Lee, 2014b, Sustained miniaturization and anatomical innovation in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds, Science, 345, 562, 10.1126/science.1252243
Lee, 2019, A new baby oviraptorid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia, PLOS ONE, 14, e0210867, 10.1371/journal.pone.0210867
Lefèvre, 2017, A new Jurassic theropod from China documents a transitional step in the macrostructure of feathers, Science of Nature, 104, 74, 10.1007/s00114-017-1496-y
Longrich, 2009, Albertonykus borealis, a new alvarezsaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Maastrichtian of Alberta, Canada: Implications for the systematics and ecology of the Alvarezsauridae, Cretaceous Research, 30, 239, 10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.005
Lovelace, 2006, An Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation fire-induced debris flow: Taphonomy and paleoenvironment of a sauropod (Sauropoda: Supersaurus vivianae) locality, east-central Wyoming, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, 36, 47
Lovelace, 2007, Morphology of a specimen of Supersaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, and a re-evaluation of diplodocid phylogeny, Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 65, 527
Lu, 2015, A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution, Scientific Reports, 5, 11775, 10.1038/srep11775
Macdonald, 2018, Description of a partial Dromiceiomimus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) skeleton with comments on the validity of the genus, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 56, 129, 10.1139/cjes-2018-0162
Makovicky, 1995, Phylogenetic aspects of the vertebral morphology of Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda), 311
Makovicky, 2005, The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America, Nature, 437, 1007, 10.1038/nature03996
Makovicky, 2018, A new specimen of the large-bodied dromaeosaurid Tiuanyuraptor provides new insights on microraptorine anatomy, taxonomy, and plumage evolution, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Program and Abstracts, 2018, 174
Makovicky, 2010, A giant ornithomimosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 191, 10.1098/rspb.2009.0236
Makovicky, 2011, Theropod diversity and the refinement of avian characteristics, Living Dinosaurs, 9, 10.1002/9781119990475.ch1
Marsh, 1881, Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Part V, American Journal of Science, 21, 417, 10.2475/ajs.s3-21.125.417
Maryanska, 2002, Avialan status for Oviraptorosauria, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47, 97
Mayr, 2007, The tenth skeletal specimen of Archaeopteryx, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 149, 97, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00245.x
Motta, 2017, Tail anatomy of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (Theropoda, Unenlagiidae) and comparisons with other basal paravians, Cretaceous Research, 83, 168, 10.1016/j.cretres.2017.09.004
Naish, 2004, Heptasteornis was no ornithomimid, troodontid, dromaeosaurid or owl: The first alvarezsaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Europe, Neus Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 7, 385, 10.1127/njgpm/2004/2004/385
Norberg, 1985, Evolution of vertebrate flight: an aerodynamic model for the transition from gliding to active flight, American Naturalist, 126, 303, 10.1086/284419
Norell, 2001, Phylogenetic relationships among coelurosaurian theropods, Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom, 49
Norell, 1999, Important features of the dromaeosaurid skeleton II: Information from newly collected specimens of Velociraptor mongoliensis, American Museum Novitates, 3282, 45
Norell, 2009, A review of the Mongolian Cretaceous dinosaur Saurornithoides (Troodontidae: Theropoda), American Museum Novitates, 3654, 1, 10.1206/648.1
Novas, 2012, New Patagonian Cretaceous theropod sheds light about the early radiation of Coelurosauria, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 14, 57, 10.22179/REVMACN.14.372
Novas, 2008, A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276, 1101, 10.1098/rspb.2008.1554
Ostrom, 1979, Bird flight: how did it begin? Did birds begin to fly “from the trees down” or “from the ground up”? Reexamination of Archaeopteryx adds plausibility to an” up from the ground” origin of avian flight, American Scientist, 67, 46
Pan, 2019, The molecular evolution of feathers with direct evidence from fossils, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 3018, 10.1073/pnas.1815703116
Pei, 2014, A new specimen of Microraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China, American Museum Novitates, 3821, 1, 10.1206/3821.1
Pei, 2017a, New specimens of Anchiornis huxleyi (Theropoda: Paraves) from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 411, 1, 10.1206/0003-0090-411.1.1
Pei, 2017b, Osteology of a new Late Cretaceous troodontid specimen from Ukhaa Tolgod, Ömnögovi Aimag, Mongolia, American Museum Novitates, 3889, 1, 10.1206/3889.1
Perez-Moreno, 2004, Pelecanimimus polyodon: Anatomía, sistemática y paleobiología de un Ornithomimosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda) de Las Hoyas (Cretácico Inferior; Cuenca, España), 149
Perle, 1999, A new maniraptoran theropod—Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae)—from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia, Contribution No. 101 of the Mongolian-American Paleontological Project, 101, 1
Peyer, 2006, A reconsideration of Compsognathus from the Upper Tithonian of Canjuers, southeastern France, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, 879, 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[879:arocft]2.0.co;2
Rauhut, 2013, New observations on the skull of Archaeopteryx, Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 88, 211, 10.1007/s12542-013-0186-0
Rauhut, 2018, The oldest Archaeopteryx (Theropoda: Avialiae): a new specimen from the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian boundary of Schamhaupten, Bavaria, PeerJ, 6, e4191, 10.7717/peerj.4191
Rauhut, 2012, Exceptionally preserved juvenile megalosauroid theropod dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Late Jurassic of Germany, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 11746, 10.1073/pnas.1203238109
Rayner, 1988, The evolution of vertebrate flight, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 34, 269, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb01963.x
Russell, 1993, A nearly complete skeleton of a new troodontid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 2163, 10.1139/e93-187
Saitta, 2018, Additional information on the primitive contour and wing feathering of paravian dinosaurs, Palaeontology, 61, 273, 10.1111/pala.12342
Schweitzer, 2011, Soft tissue preservation in terrestrial Mesozoic vertebrates, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 39, 187, 10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133502
Senter, 2007a, A new look at the phylogeny of Coelurosauria, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5, 429, 10.1017/S1477201907002143
Senter, 2007b, A method for distinguishing dromaeosaurid manual unguals from pedal “sickle claws”, Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History, 11, 1
Senter, 2004, Systematics and evolution of Dromaeosauridae, Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History, 8, 1
Senter, 2012, New dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the evolution of the dromaeosaurid tail, PLOS ONE, 7, e36790, 10.1371/journal.pone.0036790
Sereno, 1997, The origin and evolution of dinosaurs, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 25, 435, 10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.435
Sereno, 2007, Logical basis for morphological characters in phylogenetics, Cladistics, 23, 565, 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00161.x
Shen, 2017a, A new troodontid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China, Acta Geologica Sinica, 91, 763, 10.1111/1755-6724.13307
Shen, 2017b, A new troodontid dinosaur (Liaoningvenator curriei gen. et sp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in western Liaoning province, Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 38, 359
Tobalske, 2007, Aerodynamics of wing-assisted incline running in birds, Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 1742, 10.1242/jeb.001701
Trujillo, 2006, Clay mineralogy of the Morrison Formation and its use in long distance correlation and paleoenvironmental analysis, Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, 17
Trujillo, 2006, Oxfordian Park: U/Pb ages from SHRIMP analysis for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of southeastern Wyoming with implications for biostratigraphic correlations, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26, 1, 10.1080/02724634.2006.10010069
Trujillo, 2014, U/Pb age for the Mygatt-Moore Quarry, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Mesa County, Colorado, Volumina Jurassica, 12, 107
Tsuihiji, 2015, New material of a troodontid theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia, Historical Biology, 28, 128, 10.1080/08912963.2015.1005086
Turner, 2008, Phylogenetic relationships of paravian theropods, 666
Turner, 2012, A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 371, 1, 10.1206/748.1
Turner, 2007, A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight, Science, 317, 1378, 10.1126/science.1144066
Turner, 2011, Anatomy of Mahakala omnogovae (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae), Tögrögiin Shiree, Mongolia, American Museum Novitates, 3722, 1, 10.1206/3722.2
Wahl, 2006, Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of a new small maniraptoran from the Upper Jurassic of Wyoming, 97
Wang, 2016, A new basal bird from China with implications for morphological diversity in early birds, Scientific Reports, 6, 19700, 10.1038/srep19700
Wang, 2015, The oldest record of Ornithuromorpha from the Early Cretaceous of China, Nature Communications, 6, 6987, 10.1038/ncomms7987
Wang, 2014, A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species, Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 52, 31
Witmer, 1997, The evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs: a study in soft-tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 1, 10.1080/02724634.1997.10011027
Xu, 2002, Deinonychosaurian fossils from the Jehol Group of Western Liaoning and the coelurosaurian evolution, 325
Xu, 2018, Two Early Cretaceous fossils document transitional stages in alvarezsaurian dinosaur evolution, Current Biology, 28, 2853, 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.057
Xu, 2017, Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features, Nature Communications, 8, 14972, 10.1038/ncomms14972
Xu, 2016, A new microraptorine specimen (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) with a brief comment on the evolution of compound bones in theropods, Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 54, 153
Xu, 2004, A new troodontid dinosaur from China with avian-like sleeping posture, Nature, 431, 838, 10.1038/nature02898
Xu, 2004, A new troodontid (Theropoda: Troodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China, Acta Geologica Sinica—English Edition, 78, 22, 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2004.tb00671.x
Xu, 2001, Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii Xu et al. 1999 (Dinosauria: Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 38, 1739, 10.1139/e01-082
Xu, 2011, An Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae, Nature, 475, 465, 10.1038/nature10288
Xu, 2012, The taxonomy of the troodontid IVPP V 10597 reconsidered, Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 50, 140
Xu, 2015, A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran theropod with preserved evidence of membranous wings, Nature, 521, 70, 10.1038/nature14423
Yin, 2018, Cranial morphology of Sinovenator changii (Theropoda: Troodontidae) on the new material from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China, PeerJ, 6, e4977, 10.7717/peerj.4977
Zanno, 2010, A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-evaluation of Therizinosauria (Dinosauria: Maniraptora), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8, 503, 10.1080/14772019.2010.488045
Zanno, 2011, A new troodontid theropod, Talos sampsoni gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous western interior basin of North America, PLOS ONE, 6, e24487, 10.1371/journal.pone.0024487
Zhang, 2008, A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers, Nature, 455, 1105, 10.1038/nature07447
Zheng, 2018, Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285, 20172494, 10.1098/rspb.2017.2494
Zheng, 2009, A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol Group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 211, 10.1098/rspb.2009.1178
Zhou, 2008, Insight into diversity, body size and morphological evolution from the largest Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Journal of Anatomy, 212, 565, 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00880.x
Zhou, 2002, A long-tailed, seed-eating bird from the Early Cretaceous of China, Nature, 418, 405, 10.1038/nature00930