A genealogy of media studies
Tóm tắt
This paper seeks to explain why the subject media studies looks and sounds the way it does today through the production of a genealogy of the subject. The questions addressed are first, why was this subject introduced into the curriculum in the 1970s? Secondly, how has knowledge in the subject been defined and contested, how and why has it changed in the course of the subject’s history? Thirdly, which knowledge attains the status of truth and becomes the accepted definition of what the subject is about? The theoretical perspective adopted in this study draws from both postmodernist critiques and sociologies of subject knowledge. It presents a critical sociology of knowledge that draws insights from both social historians of school subjects and the work of Michel Foucault. The study draws a distinction between knowledge as defined by formal educational authorities (articulated in syllabuses) and knowledge defined by those practising the subject (teachers and curriculum advisors).
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alvarado, M., R. Gutch and T. Wollen (1987)Learning the Media: An Introduction to Media Teaching, Macmillan, London.
Aronwitz, S. and H. Giroux (1991)Postmodern Education: Politics, Culture and Social Criticism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
ATOM News (1986) Alternative Media Studies Examination, May.
Australian Education Council (1991)Young People’s Participation in Post-Compulsory Education and Training (Finn Report), Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra.
Ball, S. J. (1994)Education Reform: A Critical and Post-Structural Approach, Open University Press, Buckingham, England.
Ball, S. J. (1987) Relations, structures and conditions in curriculum change: a political history of English teaching 1970–85, in I. Goodson, ed.,International Perspectives in Curriculum History, Croom Helm, London.
Ball, S. J. (1985) English for the English since 1906, in I. Goodson, ed.,Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum: Subjects for Study, Falmer Press, London.
Ball, S., A. Kenny and D. Gardiner (1990) Literacy politics and the teaching of English, in I. Goodson and P. Medway, eds.,Bringing English to Order: The History and Politics of a School Subject, Falmer Press, London.
Board of Secondary Education (1976) Media Studies, inCertificate of Secondary Education and the Tertiary Admissions Examination: Manual 1977–1984, Board of Secondary Education, Perth.
Buckingham, D. (1999) Changing childhoods, changing media: new challenges for media education. Paper delivered to the Associazone Italiana per l’Educazione ai Media. Rome, July.
Buckingham, D. (1998) Media education in the UK: moving beyond protectionism,Journal of Communication, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 33–43.
Commonwealth Schools Commission (1987)In the National Interest: Secondary Education and Youth Policy in Australia — An Overview, Canberra Publishing and Printing Company, Canberra.
Cousins, M. and A. Hussain (1984)Michel Foucault, Macmillan, London.
Curriculum Council of Western Australia (1999) Media studies (DO11-DO12), in Curriculum Council of Western Australia,Curriculum Council Syllabus Manual, Curriculum Council, Western Australia.
Curriculum Council of Western Australia (1998)Introduction to the Common Assessment Framework, Curriculum Council, Western Australia.
Dwyer, P. (1995) Foucault, docile bodies and postcompulsory education in Australia,British Journal of Sociology of Education, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 467–77.
Education Department of Western Australia (1969)Secondary Education in Western Australia (Dettman Report), Government Printer, Perth.
Foucault, M. (1991) Questions of method, in G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Millar, eds.,The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Foucault, M. (1988) Technologies of the self: a seminar with Michel Foucault, in L. H. Martin, H. Gutman and P. H. Hutton, eds.,Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA.
Foucault, M. (1985)The History of Sexuality: Vol. 2. The Use of Pleasure, R. Hurley, trans., Random House, New York.
Foucault, M. (1977) Nietzsche, genealogy, history, in D. Bouchard, ed.,Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Interviews and Essays by Michel Foucault, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Foucault, M. (1981)The History of Sexuality: Vol. I, An Introduction, R. Hurley, trans., Random House, New York.
Foucault, M. (1973a)The Birth of the Clinic, Tavistock, London.
Foucault, M. (1973b)The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, Vintage Books, New York.
Foucault, M. (1972)The Archaeology of Knowledge, A. M. Sheridan Smith trans., Tavistock, London.
Fraser, N. (1990)Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
Goodson, I. (1997)The Changing Curriculum: Studies in Social Construction, Peter Lang, New York.
Goodson, I. (1992) Studying school subjects,Curriculum Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 23–6.
Goodson, I., ed. (1988)International Perspectives in Curriculum History, 2nd ed., Routledge, London.
Goodson, I., ed. (1985)Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum: Subjects for Study, Falmer Press, London and Washington DC.
Goodson, I. (1983)School Subjects and Curriculum Change: Case Studies in Curriculum History, Croom Helm, London.
Goodson, I. and S. Ball, eds. (1984)Defining the Curriculum: Histories and Ethnographies, Falmer Press, London.
Goodson, I. and C. Marsh (1996)Studying School Subjects: A Guide, Falmer Press, London.
Green, B. and C. Beavis (1996) Introduction: English teaching and curriculum history, in B. Green and C. Beavis, eds.,Teaching the English Subjects: Essays on English Curriculum History and Australian Schooling, Deakin University Press, Geelong.
Green, B., J. Hodgens and A. Luke (1994)Debating Literacy in Australia: A Documentary History 1945–1994, Australian Literacy Federation, Melbourne.
Hall, S. (1980) Encoding and decoding, in S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe and P. Willis, eds.,Culture Media Language, Hutchinson, London.
Halloran, J. D. and M. Jones (1985) Learning about the media, in UNESCO Media Education and Communication Research,Communication and Society 16, UNESCO, Paris.
Hammersley, M. (1984) Making a vice of our virtues: some notes on theory in ethnography and history, in I. Goodson and S. Ball, eds.,Defining the Curriculum: Histories and Ethnographies, Falmer Press, London.
Interim Committee for the Australian Schools Commission (1973)Schools in Australia (Karmel Report), Australian Government Printing Service, Canberra.
Kincheloe, J. (1990) Introduction, in I. Goodson, ed.,The Changing Curriculum: Studies in Social Construction, Peter Lang, New York.
Layton, D. (1973)Science for the People: The Origins of the School Science Curriculum in England, Allen and Unwin, London.
Masterman, L. (1985)Teaching the Media, Comedia, London.
Masterman, L. (1983) Media education in the 1980s,Journal of Educational Television, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 7–12.
Masterman, L. (1980)Teaching About Television, Macmillan, London.
Masterman, L. and F. Mariet (1994)Media Education in 1990s Europe: A Teacher’s Guide, Council of Europe Press, Strasbourg.
Mathieson, M. (1975)The Preachers of Culture: A Study of English and its Teachers, Allen and Unwin, London.
McHoul, A. and W. Grace (1993)A Foucault Primer: Discourse, Power and the Subject, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.
McMahon, J. (1986) Letter to the editor,ATOM News, May, p. 3.
Media Message (1975) Editorial, vol. 1, no. 2, n. p.
Medway, P. (1990) Into the sixties: English and English society at a time of change, in I. Goodson and P. Medway, eds.,Bringing English to Order: The History and Politics of a School Subject, Falmer Press, London.
Poole, M. E. (1992) Changing policy perspectives, in M. E. Poole, ed.,Education and Work, Australian Council for Educational Research, Hawthorn, Victoria.
Pungente, J. (1985)Getting Started on Media Education, Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture, London.
Secondary Education Authority (1987) Media studies, inYear 12 Syllabuses: Certificate of Secondary Education Accredited Courses, Secondary Education Authority, Perth.
Seddon, T. (1989) Curriculum history: a map of key issues,Curriculum Perspectives, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1–16.
Smart, B. (1985)Michel Foucault, Routledge, London.
Stake, R. E. (1995)The Art of Case Study Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Tyner, K. (1988)Literacy in a Digital Age: Teaching and Learning in the Age of Information, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Willinsky, J. (1991)The Triumph of Literature — The Fate of Literacy: English in the Secondary School Curriculum, Teachers College Press, New York.
Yin, R. (1984)Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 1st ed., Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
Young, M. F. D. (1976) The schooling of science, in G. Whitty and M. F. D. Young, eds.,Explorations in the Politics of School Knowledge, Nafferton Books, Driffield.
Young, M. F. D. (1971) An approach to the study of curricula as socially organised knowledge, in M. F. D. Young, ed.,Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education, Collier-Macmillan, London.