A critical review of Chinese Koro
Tóm tắt
Koro is generally considered a culture-bound psychiatric syndrome, the dominant feature of which is anxiety or dissociation. A close examination of koro epidemics in China, where koro cases appear to be more frequent than other parts of the world, shows that koro has a sociocultural component which has not been sufficiently taken into account in previous formulations. This article analyzes koro in the natural environment in which it appears and dispels the notion of koro being individual psychopathology. Koro, at least the way it is manifested in China, is a social malady maintained by cultural beliefs which affect the whole community and not just those diagnosed with it. Future directions for research into the subject are discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bernstein, R.L., and A.C. Gaw 1990 Koro: Proposed Classification for DSM-IV. American Journal of Psychiatry 147: 1670–1674.
Berrios, G.E., and S.J. Morley 1984 Koro-like Symptom in a Non-Chinese Subject. British Journal of Psychiatry 145: 331–334.
Chadda, R.K., and S. Shome 1991 “Koro: Proposed Classification for DSM-IV”: Comment. American Journal of Psychiatry 148: 1766–1767.
Chakraborty, A. et al. 1983 Koro Epidemic in India. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 20: 150–151.
Deng, Y.-L. 1992 Minsu Fengsu Yu Shenghuo Qutan [Customs and Life Styles of Ethnic Minorities]. Beijing, China: Zinri Zhong Guo Publishing Co. (In Chinese)
Edwards, J.W. 1985 Indigenous Koro, a Genital Retraction Syndrome of Insular Southeast Asia: A critical Review. In The Culture-Bound Syndromes: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric and Anthropological Interest. R.C. Simons and C.C. Hughes, eds. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co.
Favazza, A.R. 1985 Anthropology and Psychiatry. In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. H.I. Kaplan and B.J. Sadock, eds. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Gwee, A.L. 1963 Koro—A Cultural Disease. Singapore Medical Journal 4(3): 119–122.
Gwee, A.L. 1968 Koro—Its Origin and Nature as a Disease Entity. Singapore Medical Journal 9(1): 3–6.
Hughes, C.C. 1985 The Genital Retraction Taxon: Commentary. In The Culture-Bound Syndromes: Folk Illnesses of Psychiatric and Anthropological Interest. R.C. Simons and C.C. Hughes, eds. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co.
Jahoda, C. 1969 The Psychology of Superstition. London: Allen Lane.
Koro Study Team 1969 The Koro “Epidemic” in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal 10: 234–242.
Lung, Y.Y.. 1991 Jung Gwok Gwoo Doi Sing Hok Jaap Sing [Collections of Ancient Chinese Sexology]. Hong Kong: Eight Dragons Publishing. (In Chinese)
Ma, X.-L. 1990 Bai Wan Ge Wei Shen Me [A Million Questions ‘Why’]. Guilin, Guangxi: Li Jiang Publishing Co. (In Chinese)
Mo, K. M. 1992 Peculiar Features of Mental Disorders in Guangdong Area. Journal of the Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists 2: 58–59.
Mo, K.-M. et al. 1987 Report of Koro Epidemic in Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Neuropsychiatry 20(4): 232–234. (In Chinese)
Neppe, V.M., and G.J. Tucker 1989 Atypical, Unusual, and Cultural Psychoses. In Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Vol. 1. H.I. Kaplan and B.J. Sadock, eds. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
Suwanlert, S., and D. Coates 1979 Epidemic Koro in Thailand—Clinical and Social Aspects. Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 16: 64–66.
Rosnow, R.L. 1991 Inside rumor. A personal journey. American Psychologist 46: 484–496.
Tan, E.-S. 1981 Culture-Bound Syndromes Among Overseas Chinese. In Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture. A. Kleinman and T.-Y. Lin, eds. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co.
Tseng, W.-S., K.-M. Moet al. 1988 A Sociocultural Study of Koro Epidemics in Guangdong, China. American Journal of Psychiatry 145: 1538–1543.
Tseng, W. S., K.-M. Mo et al. 1992 Koro Epidemics in Guangdong, China: A Questionnaire Survey. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 180: 117–123.
van Gulik, R.H. 1961 Sexual Life in Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500 B.C. till 1600 A.D. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Wen, J.-K., and C.-L. Wang 1981 Shen-K'uei Syndrome: A Culture-Specific Sexual Neurosis in Taiwan. In Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture. A. Kleinman and T.-Y. Lin, eds. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Co.
Wu, Y.-Z. 1991 Zhong Guo Nanfang Minsu Wenhua Yuanliu Shi [A History of the Origin of Ethnic Minority Cultures in Southern China]. Nanning, Guangxi: Guangxi Education Publishing Co. (In Chinese)
Yap, P.M. 1965 Koro—A Culture-Bound Depersonalization Syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry 111: 43–50.