A comprehensive toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus their bulk in Wistar rats
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this study was to characterize the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their bulk counterpart in suspensions and to access the impact of their acute oral toxicity at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg in healthy female Wistar rats. The hematological, biochemical, and urine parameters were accessed at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment. The histopathological evaluations of tissues were also performed. The distribution of zinc content in liver, kidney, spleen, plasma, and excretory materials (feces and urine) at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment were accessed after a single exposure at dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The elevated level of alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were observed in ZnO-NPs at a dose of 2000 mg/kg at all time points. There was a decrease in iron levels in all the treated groups at 24 h posttreatment as compared to control groups but returned to their normal level at 14 days posttreatment. The hematological parameters red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and haptoglobin were reduced at 48 h posttreatment at a dose of 2000 mg/kg ZnO-NPs and showed hemolytic condition. All the treated groups were comparable to control group at the end of 14 days posttreatment. The zinc concentration in the kidney, liver, plasma, feces, and urine showed a significant increase in both groups as compared to control. This study explained that ZnO-NPs produced more toxicological effect as compared to their bulk particles as evidenced through alteration in some hemato-biochemical parameters and with few histopathological lesions in liver and kidney tissues.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Nounou H, 2013, Life Sci J, 10, 1969
Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, 2013, Acta Odontol Latinoam, 26, 144
Baek M, 2012, Int J Nanomedicine, 7, 3081
Noel PC, 2012, Case Report Rapport de cas, 53, 383
OECD guideline (420) for testing of chemicals, Acute Oral Toxicity–Fixed Dose Procedure, Organization for Economic Corporation and Development
Zhang XZ. Study on the environmental behavior of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in aqueous environment. Doctoral dissertation Nankai University. Tianjin, P.R., China, 2006, (Chinese).
Adams LK, 2006, Water Res, 40
Mohanraj VJ, 2006, Trop J Pharmaceut Res, 5, 561
Johnston DE, 1999, Am Fam Physician, 59, 2223
Singh A, 2001, J Clinic Toxicol, 4, 001
Nanji AA, 1997, Alcohol Health & Research World, 21, 325
Wood K, 2011, Rev Urol, 13, 73
Rajak S, 2012, Int J Adv Sci Tech Res, 6, 81
Gupta S, 2011, Adv Hematol, 389854
Wang J, 2010, Int J Nanomed, 5, 861