A chronostratigraphy of mid and late-Holocene slope evolution: Creagan a' Chaorainn, Northern Highlands, Scotland

Holocene - Tập 16 Số 3 - Trang 429-444 - 2006
Eleanor Mary Reid1, Michael F. Thomas2
1UHI Millennium Institute, School of Environmental and Natural Science, Inverness College, Midmills Campus, Crown Avenue, Inverness IV2 3NJ, UK
2School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK

Tóm tắt

Unusual exposure of the drift stratigraphy of a typical, vegetated hillslope in the Northern Highlands of Scotland has allowed reconstruction of its Holocene history. Graphic logging of palaeogully fill, sediment analysis, radiocarbon dating and microscopic investigation of horizon boundaries, link periodic slope instability to changes in hydrology and vegetation cover. The oldest preserved organic matter dates from about 7.5 cal. ka BP. Several millennia of subsequent stability were followed, at about 4.3 cal. ka BP, by destabilization whose magnitude and frequency markedly increased after about 2.7 cal. ka BP. Precipitation-driven weathering and erosion offer the best explanation for late-Holocene slope rejuvenation at this site, with change effected through long-lasting shifts in system equilibria as well as high magnitude inputs. Anthropogenic impacts on slope stability are apparently restricted to the last few hundred years. The timing and episodicity of slope evolution suggests climate forcing. Results raise the question of whether the extent of past and potential climate-driven Holocene slope evolution in non-glaciated uplands have been underestimated.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0483:HCIAPW>2.3.CO;2

10.1080/08912969609386552

10.1016/0031-0182(95)00002-2

10.1191/095968398669507604

Avery, B.W., 1990, Soils of the British Isles

Bain, D.C., 1990, The surface waters acidvfi cation programme, 223

10.1016/0016-7061(93)90010-I

10.1080/00369228618736667

10.1080/00369229118736815

Ballantyne, C.K., 1993, Palaeoklimaforschung, 11, 71

10.1191/0959683602hl553fa

10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00005-7

Ballantyne, C.K., 1996, Advances in hillslope processes, vol. 2, 1173

10.1191/0959683604hl720rr

10.1017/S0263593300010956

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199912)14:7<651::AID-JQS469>3.0.CO;2-1

10.1191/095968398666797200

10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00080-X

10.1016/S0341-8162(96)00039-2

Bennett, K.D., 1995, Our pinewood heritage, 23

10.1002/jqs.3390080206

10.1016/0016-7037(88)90222-0

Berrisford, M.S., 1997, Palaeoklimaforschung, 19, 409

10.1002/esp.3290180707

10.1038/17362

Birks, H.J.B., 1996, Palaeoecological events during the last 15,000 years, 95

10.1191/095968398674390284

10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01392.x

10.1126/science.278.5341.1257

10.1017/S0263593300012244

10.1002/esp.3290130606

10.1002/esp.3290190107

Brunsden, D., 1993, Landscape sensitivity, 7

Brunsden, D., 1997, Palaeoklimaforschung, 19, 401

Caseldine, C.J., 1985, Soils and Quaternary landscape evolution, 87

Catt, J.A., 1979, Journal of Soil Science, 30, 607, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1979.tb01013.x

10.1111/j.1502-3885.1992.tb00013.x

10.1006/qres.2000.2190

10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3059:PSACOF]2.0.CO;2

10.1038/337452a0

10.1098/rstb.1984.0002

Clymo, R.S., 1991, Quaternary landscapes, 76

10.1002/1099-1417(200007)15:5<529::AID-JQS531>3.0.CO;2-D

10.1191/0959683604hl701rp

Deer, W.A., 1966, An introduction to the rock forming minerals

Edwards, K.J., 1980, Timescales in geomorphology, 207

10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199605)21:5<467::AID-ESP665>3.0.CO;2-V

Ellis, S., 1984, Journal of Soil Science, 31, 371, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1980.tb02087.x

10.1191/095968399677209885

Fanning, D.S., 1989, Soils: morphology, genesis and classification

Fitzpatrick, E.A., 1986, An introduction to soil science

Freeze, R.A., 1987, Slope stability, 381

Fuchsman, C., 1986, Peat and water

10.1126/science.251.4993.544

Gerrard, J., 1992, Soil geomorphology

10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00043-1

Haynes, V.M., 1998, The geomorphological sensitivity of the Cairngorm high plateaux

10.1191/095968399671220239

10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<545::AID-ESP876>3.0.CO;2-E

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb01699.x

10.1016/0277-3791(96)00015-7

10.1002/esp.3290080412

10.1002/esp.3290080609

Innes, J.B., 1997, Palaeoklimaforschung, 19, 233

10.1029/97RG00426

Johnstone, G.S., 1989, The Northern Highlands of Scotland, British regional geology, 4

Kemp, R.A., 1985, Soil micromorphology

Knight, D., 1990, The decomposition of organic matter in soils as a function of climate and land use management

10.1006/qres.1994.1080

10.1006/qres.2000.2153

10.1144/jgs.157.3.643

10.1191/0959683604hl686rp

Lowe, J.J., 1993, Climate change and human impact on the landscape, 67

10.1086/515930

10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1424:DFDEOP>2.3.CO;2

Matthews, J.A., 1984, Geomorphology and soils, 269

Matthews, J.A., 1993, Climate change and human impact on the landscape, 83

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199703/04)12:2<117::AID-JQS296>3.0.CO;2-1

Matthews, J.A., 1997, Paldeoklimaforschung, 19, 444

10.1080/03746607808685332

10.1002/jqs.567

10.1126/science.278.5341.1244

10.1191/0309133302pp323ra

Pears, N.V., 1975, Forhandlingar, 97, 265

Phillips, J.D., 1999, Earth surface systems: complexity, order, and scale

10.1002/esp.3290110604

Sandersen, F., 1997, Paldeoklimaforschung, 19, 321

10.1016/S0341-8162(96)00029-X

10.1191/095968301680223486

10.1016/0277-3791(95)00031-3

10.1017/S0033822200013904

10.2307/1797276

10.2307/2257991

10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00133-8

10.1016/0277-3791(95)00004-9

10.1002/jqs.3390100107

Tucker, M.E., 1986, Sedimentary petrology

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Holocene

Tập 16 Số 3

429-444

Thông tin tác giả