A blueprint for securing Brazil's marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals

Diversity and Distributions - Tập 27 Số 2 - Trang 198-215 - 2021
Rafael A. Magris1, Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa2,3, Carlos E. L. Ferreira4, Ciro C. Vilar5, Jean‐Christophe Joyeux5, Joel C. Creed6, Margareth Copertino7, Paulo Antunes Horta8, Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida9, Ronaldo B. Francini‐Filho10, Sergio R. Floeter11
1Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, Brazil
2School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
3School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Melbourne Vic. Australia
4Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
6Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
7Lab. Ecologia Vegetal Costeira Instituto de Oceanografia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG Rio Grande Brazil
8Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
9Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, São Paulo, Brazil
10Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar) Universidade de São Paulo São Sebastião Brasil
11Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory Department of Ecology and Zoology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil

Tóm tắt

AbstractAimAs a step towards providing support for an ecological approach to strengthening marine protected areas (MPAs) and meeting international commitments, this study combines cumulative impact assessment and conservation planning approach to undertake a large‐scale spatial prioritization.LocationExclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Brazil, Southwest Atlantic Ocean.MethodsWe developed a prioritization approach to protecting different habitat types, threatened species ranges and ecological connectivity, while also mitigating the impacts of multiple threats on biodiversity. When identifying priorities for conservation, we accounted for the co‐occurrence of 24 human threats and the distribution of 161 marine habitats and 143 threatened species, as well as their associated vulnerabilities. Additionally, we compared our conservation priorities with MPAs proposed by local stakeholders.ResultsWe show that impacts to habitats and species are widespread and identify hot spots of cumulative impacts on inshore and offshore areas. Industrial fisheries, climate change and land‐based activities were the most severe threats to biodiversity. The highest priorities were mostly found towards the coast due to the high cumulative impacts found in nearshore areas. As expected, our systematic approach showed a better performance on selecting priority sites when compared to the MPAs proposed by local stakeholders without a typical conservation planning exercise, increasing the existing coverage of MPAs by only 7.9%. However, we found that proposed MPAs still provide some opportunities to protect areas facing high levels of threats.Main conclusionsThe study presents a blueprint of how to embrace a comprehensive ecological approach when identifying strategic priorities for conservation. We advocate protecting these crucial areas from degradation in emerging conservation efforts is key to maintain their biodiversity value.

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Diversity and Distributions

Tập 27 Số 2

198-215

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