A Professional Development Program to Enhance Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge and Operationalization of Physical Literacy

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education - Tập 38 Số 2 - Trang 126-135 - 2019
Lowri C. Edwards1, Anna Bryant1, Kevin Morgan1, Stephen‐Mark Cooper1, Anwen M. Jones1, Richard Keegan2
11Cardiff Metropolitan University
22University of Canberra

Tóm tắt

Introduction: Despite increases in research and implementation, physical literacy continues to be largely misinterpreted by practitioners. The purpose of this study was to devise, implement, and evaluate a professional development program that works in a primary school environment to enhance their knowledge and operationalization of physical literacy.Methods: Following a 3-month needs assessment phase, data were collected from structured observations, reflections, and semistructured interviews with the teachers, before, during, and after an introductory workshop and 6-month physical literacy intervention. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate perceptions of program effectiveness.Results: The needs assessment phase identified notable differences between teachers’ classroom and physical education practice. Results of the physical literacy workshop and intervention detailed an increase in teachers’ knowledge of, and operationalization of, physical literacy.Discussion/Conclusions: Applying established principles of effective professional development in a contextually sensitive manner was viewed as effective in enhancing primary school teachers’ knowledge and practice regarding physical literacy.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Murdoch, 2010, Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse, 175

Phillips, 2008, Professional development as a critical component of continuing teacher quality, The Australian Journal of Teacher Education,, 33, 37, 10.14221/ajte.2008v33n1.3

Pot, 2018, Physical literacy from philosophy to practice, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 246, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0133

Pot, 2018, Physical literacy from philosophy to practice, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 246, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0133

Edwards, 2015, PE teachers’ perceptions of high quality physical education in Welsh medium secondary schools [canfyddiadau athrawon addysg gorfforol ar addysg gorfforol ansawdd uchel yn ysgolion cyfrwng Cymraeg], Gwerddon,, 20, 44

Braun, 2006, Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology,, 3, 77, 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Kirk, 2012, The future for primary physical education, Journal of Pedagogic Development,, 2, 38

Hunzicker, 2011, Effective professional development for teachers: A checklist, Professional Development in Education,, 37, 177, 10.1080/19415257.2010.523955

Edwards, 2017, Definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy: A systematic review, Sports Medicine,, 47, 113, 10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7

Bernstein, 1977, Class codes and control, towards a theory of educational transmissions, 3

Murdoch, 2010, Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse, 175

Holdsworth, 2008, Professional development for education for sustainability: How advanced are Australian universities?, International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,, 9, 131, 10.1108/14676370810856288

Atencio, 2012, ‘It is a case of changing your thought processes, the way you actually teach’: Implementing a complex professional learning agenda in Scottish physical education, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 17, 127, 10.1080/17408989.2011.565469

Jerome, 2015, Effective medium-term planning for teachers, 10.4135/9781473916937

Patton, 2002, Qualitative evaluation and research methods

Whitehead, 2013, Creating learning experiences to foster physical literacy, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 72

Duda, 1998, Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement, 471

Lincoln, 1985, Naturalistic inquiry, 10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8

Jess, 2017, Moving primary physical education forward: Start at the beginning, Education 3-13,, 5, 645, 10.1080/03004279.2016.1155072

McLennan, 2015, Quality physical education: Guidelines for policy-makers

Brito, 2009, Targeted School Self-Evaluation Improvement Team (TSSEIT) evaluation tools support materials

Duda, 1998, Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement, 471

Harris, 2012, The predicament of primary physical education: A consequence of ‘insufficient’ ITT and ‘ineffective’ CPD?, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 17, 367, 10.1080/17408989.2011.582489

Bannon, 2013, An investigation into teaching strategies and assessment methods to foster physical literacy, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 199

Merrell, 2012, Working with difficult children in primary schools: A guide for teachers

Holdsworth, 2008, Professional development for education for sustainability: How advanced are Australian universities?, International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,, 9, 131, 10.1108/14676370810856288

Harris, 2012, The predicament of primary physical education: A consequence of ‘insufficient’ ITT and ‘ineffective’ CPD?, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 17, 367, 10.1080/17408989.2011.582489

Duncombe, 2003, Enhancing teachers’ and pupils’ learning in primary school physical education: The role of collaborative professional learning

Whitehead, 2013, Creating learning experiences to foster physical literacy, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 72

Hardman, 2010, Physical education: “The future ain’t what it used to be!”

Armour, 2015, What is ‘effective’ CPD for contemporary physical education teachers? A Deweyan framework, Sport, Education and Society,, 22, 799, 10.1080/13573322.2015.1083000

Morgan, 2019, Collaborative action research to enhance primary teachers’ knowledge, understanding and delivery of physical education and the physical literacy journeys of their pupils: A sustainable and replicable CPD process, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 24, 43, 10.1080/17408989.2018.1533543

Morgan, 2019, Collaborative action research to enhance primary teachers’ knowledge, understanding and delivery of physical education and the physical literacy journeys of their pupils: A sustainable and replicable CPD process, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 24, 43, 10.1080/17408989.2018.1533543

Barbazette, 2005, Training needs assessment: Methods, tools and techniques

Gibbs, 1988, Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods

McLennan, 2015, Quality physical education: Guidelines for policy-makers

Keegan, 2019, Defining physical literacy: A modified Delphi method, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 38, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0264

Hardman, 2010, Physical education: “The future ain’t what it used to be!”

Penney, 2009, Curriculum, pedagogy and assessment: Three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education, Sport, Education and Society,, 14, 421, 10.1080/13573320903217125

Paine, 2014, Complete guide to primary dance

Blair, 2008, Intended or unintended? Issues arising from the implementation of the UK Government’s 2003 Schools Workforce Remodelling Act, Perspectives in Education,, 26, 105

Edwards, 2015, PE teachers’ perceptions of high quality physical education in Welsh medium secondary schools [canfyddiadau athrawon addysg gorfforol ar addysg gorfforol ansawdd uchel yn ysgolion cyfrwng Cymraeg], Gwerddon,, 20, 44

O’sullivan, 2002, Effective follow-up strategies for professional development for primary teachers in Namibia, Teacher Development,, 6, 181, 10.1080/13664530200200164

Bailey, 2000, Teaching physical education 5-11, 73

Capel, 2016, Learning to teach in the secondary school: A companion to school experience, 10.4324/9781315766232

Green, 2002, Criterion referenced assessment as a guide to learning—The importance of progression and reliability

Phillips, 2008, Professional development as a critical component of continuing teacher quality, The Australian Journal of Teacher Education,, 33, 37, 10.14221/ajte.2008v33n1.3

Taplin, 2013, A story of physical literacy in primary initial teacher training and education, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 257

Whitehead, 2010, Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse, 10.4324/9780203881903

Edwards, 2018, ‘Measuring’ physical literacy and related constructs: A systematic review of empirical findings, Sports Medicine,, 48, 659, 10.1007/s40279-017-0817-9

Edwards, 2017, Definitions, foundations and associations of physical literacy: A systematic review, Sports Medicine,, 47, 113, 10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7

Welk, 2005, Validation of the children and youth physical self perceptions profile for young children, Psychology of Sport and Exercise,, 6, 51, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2003.10.006

Paine, 2014, Complete guide to primary dance

Sloan, 2010, The continuing development of primary sector physical education: Working together to raise quality of provision, European Physical Education Review,, 16, 267, 10.1177/1356336X10382976

Vickerman, 2015, Learning to teach physical education in the secondary school: A companion to school experience, 156

Shearer, 2018, How is physical literacy defined? A contemporary update, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 237, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0136

Bunker, 1982, A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools, Bulletin of Physical Education,, 18, 58

Bernstein, 1977, Class codes and control, towards a theory of educational transmissions, 3

Durden-Myers, 2018, Implications for promoting physical literacy, Journal of Teaching in Physcial Education,, 37, 262, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0131

Robinson, 2018, Physical literacy (mis)understandings: What do leading physical education teachers know about physical literacy?, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 288, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0135

Jess, 2017, Moving primary physical education forward: Start at the beginning, Education 3-13,, 5, 645, 10.1080/03004279.2016.1155072

Brito, 2009, Targeted School Self-Evaluation Improvement Team (TSSEIT) evaluation tools support materials

O’sullivan, 2002, Effective follow-up strategies for professional development for primary teachers in Namibia, Teacher Development,, 6, 181, 10.1080/13664530200200164

Dudley, 2017, Critical considerations for physical literacy policy in public health, recreation, sport, and education agencies, Quest,, 69, 436, 10.1080/00336297.2016.1268967

Zeedyk, 2003, Negotiating the transition from primary to secondary school: Perceptions of pupils, parents and teachers, School Psychology International,, 24, 67, 10.1177/0143034303024001010

Taplin, 2013, A story of physical literacy in primary initial teacher training and education, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 257

Larouche, 2015, Daily physical education in primary school and physical activity in midlife: The Trois-Rivières study, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,, 55, 527

Patton, 2002, Qualitative evaluation and research methods

Barbazette, 2005, Training needs assessment: Methods, tools and techniques

Zeedyk, 2003, Negotiating the transition from primary to secondary school: Perceptions of pupils, parents and teachers, School Psychology International,, 24, 67, 10.1177/0143034303024001010

Armour, 2004, Continuing professional development for experienced physical education teachers: Towards effective provision, Sport, Education and Society,, 9, 95, 10.1080/1357332042000175836

Kirk, 2012, The future for primary physical education, Journal of Pedagogic Development,, 2, 38

Edwards, 2018, ‘Measuring’ physical literacy and related constructs: A systematic review of empirical findings, Sports Medicine,, 48, 659, 10.1007/s40279-017-0817-9

Armour, 2015, What is ‘effective’ CPD for contemporary physical education teachers? A Deweyan framework, Sport, Education and Society,, 22, 799, 10.1080/13573322.2015.1083000

Hunzicker, 2011, Effective professional development for teachers: A checklist, Professional Development in Education,, 37, 177, 10.1080/19415257.2010.523955

Dudley, 2017, Critical considerations for physical literacy policy in public health, recreation, sport, and education agencies, Quest,, 69, 436, 10.1080/00336297.2016.1268967

Durden-Myers, 2018, Implications for promoting physical literacy, Journal of Teaching in Physcial Education,, 37, 262, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0131

Cale, 2018, The role of knowledge and understanding in fostering physical literacy, Journal of Teaching in Physcial Education,, 37, 280, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0134

Gibbs, 1988, Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods

Braun, 2006, Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology,, 3, 77, 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Green, 2002, Criterion referenced assessment as a guide to learning—The importance of progression and reliability

Capel, 2016, Learning to teach in the secondary school: A companion to school experience, 10.4324/9781315766232

Armour, 2004, Continuing professional development for experienced physical education teachers: Towards effective provision, Sport, Education and Society,, 9, 95, 10.1080/1357332042000175836

Lincoln, 1985, Naturalistic inquiry, 10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8

Shearer, 2018, How is physical literacy defined? A contemporary update, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 237, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0136

Spengler, 2015, Physical literacy: A global environmental scan

Sloan, 2010, The continuing development of primary sector physical education: Working together to raise quality of provision, European Physical Education Review,, 16, 267, 10.1177/1356336X10382976

Vickerman, 2015, Learning to teach physical education in the secondary school: A companion to school experience, 156

Cale, 2018, The role of knowledge and understanding in fostering physical literacy, Journal of Teaching in Physcial Education,, 37, 280, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0134

Welk, 2005, Validation of the children and youth physical self perceptions profile for young children, Psychology of Sport and Exercise,, 6, 51, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2003.10.006

Blair, 2008, Intended or unintended? Issues arising from the implementation of the UK Government’s 2003 Schools Workforce Remodelling Act, Perspectives in Education,, 26, 105

Bailey, 2000, Teaching physical education 5-11, 73

Whitehead, 2010, Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse, 10.4324/9780203881903

Keegan, 2019, Defining physical literacy: A modified Delphi method, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 38, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0264

Merrell, 2012, Working with difficult children in primary schools: A guide for teachers

Larouche, 2015, Daily physical education in primary school and physical activity in midlife: The Trois-Rivières study, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness,, 55, 527

Spengler, 2015, Physical literacy: A global environmental scan

Robinson, 2018, Physical literacy (mis)understandings: What do leading physical education teachers know about physical literacy?, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education,, 37, 288, 10.1123/jtpe.2018-0135

Atencio, 2012, ‘It is a case of changing your thought processes, the way you actually teach’: Implementing a complex professional learning agenda in Scottish physical education, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,, 17, 127, 10.1080/17408989.2011.565469

Duncombe, 2003, Enhancing teachers’ and pupils’ learning in primary school physical education: The role of collaborative professional learning

Jerome, 2015, Effective medium-term planning for teachers, 10.4135/9781473916937

Bunker, 1982, A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools, Bulletin of Physical Education,, 18, 58

Bannon, 2013, An investigation into teaching strategies and assessment methods to foster physical literacy, ICSSPE Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education,, 65, 199

Penney, 2009, Curriculum, pedagogy and assessment: Three message systems of schooling and dimensions of quality physical education, Sport, Education and Society,, 14, 421, 10.1080/13573320903217125