A Pin-on-Disc Study on the Wear Behaviour of Two High-Performance Railway Wheel Steels
Tóm tắt
The wear behaviour of two railway wheel steels, ER8 and SUPERLOS®, was studied through pin-on-disc tests, and the results were correlated with those previously obtained with twin-disc tests. The work-hardening of the steels was investigated with Vickers hardness measurements, and the wear mechanisms were studied using scanning electron microscopy. ER8 discs showed higher wear resistance, lower work-hardening ability and less wear damage than SUPERLOS® ones, confirming the results of the twin-disc tests. Therefore, sliding pin-on-disc experiments are recommended as a simple laboratory technique that can be used as a screening method for wheel steel performance prior to more complex and more expensive tests. The damage in both steels was due to the concomitance of oxidative wear, abrasive wear and fatigue wear. Iron oxide formation protects the steels from severe wear, whereas its detachment causes abrasive wear; furthermore, surface fatigue cracks initiate and propagate leading to the detachment of material flakes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Enblom, R.: On simulation of uniform wear and profile evolution in the wheel-rail contact. Doctoral Thesis KTH, Stockholm, Sweden (2006)
McEwen, I.J., Harvey, R.F.: Full-scale wheel-on-rail wear testing: comparison with service wear and a developing theoretical predictive method. Lubr. Eng. 41(2), 80–88 (1985)
Bruni, S., Collina, A., Diana, G., Vanolo, P.: Lateral dynamics of a railway vehicle in tangent track and curve: tests and simulation. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 33(Supplement), 464–477 (2000)
Cantini, S., Cervello, S.: The competitive role of wear and RCF: full scale experimental assessment of artificial and natural defects in railway wheel treads. Wear 366–367, 325–337 (2016)
Kumar, S., Rao, D.L.P.: Wheel-rail contact wear, work and lateral force for zero angle of attack—a laboratory study. J. Dyn. Syst. Trans ASME 106(4), 319–326 (1984)
Kalousek, J., Fegredo, D.M., Laufer, E.E.: Wear resistance and worn metallography of pearlight, bainite and tempered martensite rail steel microstructures of high hardness. Wear of Materials: International Conference on Wear of Materials, pp. 212–230 (1985)
Mutton, P.J.: The influence of microstructures on the wear behaviour of rail and wheel materials. Master Thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia (1985)
Beagley, T.M.: Severe wear of rolling/sliding contacts. Wear 36, 317–335 (1976)
Bolton, P.J., Clayton, P., McEwen, I.J.: Wear of rail and tyre steels under rolling/sliding conditions. ASLE Trans. 25(1), 17–24 (1982)
Bolton, P.J., Clayton, P.: Rolling-sliding wear damage in rail and tyre steels. Wear 93, 145–165 (1984)
Krause, H., Poll, G.: Wear of wheel-rail surfaces. Wear 113, 103–122 (1986)
Garnham, J.E., Beynon, J.H.: Dry rolling-sliding wear of bainitic and pearlitic steels. Wear 57, 81–109 (1992)
Lewis, R., Dwyer-Joyce, R.S.: Wear mechanisms and transitions in railway wheel steels. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J-J-Eng. 218(6), 467–478 (2004)
Donzella, G., Faccoli, M., Mazzù, A., Petrogalli, C., Roberti, R.: Progressive damage assessment in the near-surface layer of railway wheel–rail couple under cyclic contact. Wear 271(1–2), 408–416 (2011)
Mazzù, A., Solazzi, L., Lancini, M., Petrogalli, C., Ghidini, A., Faccoli, M.: An experimental procedure for surface damage assessment in railway wheel and rail steels. Wear 342–343, 22–32 (2015)
Lee, K.M., Polycarpou, A.A.: Wear of conventional pearlitic and improved bainitic rail steels. Wear 259, 391–399 (2005)
Robles Hernández, F.C., Demas, N.G., Davis, D.D., Polycarpou, A.A., Maal, L.: Mechanical properties and wear performance of premium rail steels. Wear 263, 766–772 (2007)
Robles Hernández, F.C., Demas, N.G., Gonzales, K., Polycarpou, A.A.: Correlation between laboratory ball-on-disk and full-scale rail performance tests. Wear 270, 479–491 (2011)
Lyu, Y., Zhu, Y., Olofsson, U.: Wear between wheel and rail: a pin-on-disc study of environmental conditions and iron oxides. Wear 328–329, 277–285 (2015)
Faccoli, M., Petrogalli, C., Lancini, M., Ghidini, A., Mazzù, A.: Rolling contact fatigue and wear behaviour of high performance railway wheel steels under various rolling-sliding contact conditions. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 26(7), 3271–3284 (2017)
Dings, P.C., Dittrich, M.G.: Roughness on Dutch railway wheels and rails. J. Sound Vib. 193, 103–112 (1996)
Jendel, T.: Prediction of wheel profile wear-comparisons with field measurements. Wear 253, 89–99 (2002)
Enblom, R., Berg, M.: Simulation of railway wheel profile development due to wear-influence of disc braking and contact environment. Wear 258, 1055–1063 (2005)
Viàfara, C.C., Castro, M.I.: Unlubricated sliding wear of pearlitic and bainitic steels. Wear 259, 405–411 (2005)
Shariff, S.M., Pal, T.K., Padmanabham, G., Joshi, S.V.: Comparative study on dry sliding wear behavior of various railroads steels. J. Tribol. 133(2), 021602 (2011)