A Phylogenetic Lineage of Closely Related Trypanosomes (Trypanosomatidae, Kinetoplastida) of Anurans and Sand Flies (Psychodidae, Diptera) Sharing the Same Ecotopes in Brazilian Amazonia1

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology - Tập 55 Số 5 - Trang 427-435 - 2008
Robson C. Ferreira1, A. A. de Souza2, Rui A. de Freitas3, Marta Campaner1, CARMEM S. A. TAKATA1, Toby V. Barrett3, Jeffrey Jon Shaw1, Marta M. G. Teixeira1
1Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil, and
2Secção de Parasitologia, IEC‐Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Belém, PA, Brazil, and
3Grupo de Biologia Vetorial e Eco‐epidemiologia de Trypanosomatidae na Amazônia, INPA‐Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among trypanosomes from vertebrates and invertebrates disclosed a new lineage of trypanosomes circulating among anurans and sand flies that share the same ecotopes in Brazilian Amazonia. This assemblage of closely related trypanosomes was determined by comparing whole SSU rDNA sequences of anuran trypanosomes from the Brazilian biomes of Amazonia, the Pantanal, and the Atlantic Forest and from Europe, North America, and Africa, and from trypanosomes of sand flies from Amazonia. Phylogenetic trees based on maximum likelihood and parsimony corroborated the positioning of all new anuran trypanosomes in the aquatic clade but did not support the monophyly of anuran trypanosomes. However, all analyses always supported four major clades (An01‐04) of anuran trypanosomes. Clade An04 is composed of trypanosomes from exotic anurans. Isolates in clades An01 and An02 were from Brazilian frogs and toads captured in the three biomes studied, Amazonia, the Pantanal and the Atlantic Forest. Clade An01 contains mostly isolates from Hylidae whereas clade An02 comprises mostly isolates from Bufonidae; and clade An03 contains trypanosomes from sand flies and anurans of Bufonidae, Leptodactylidae, and Leiuperidae exclusively from Amazonia. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing morphological and growth features, and molecular phylogenetic affiliation of trypanosomes from anurans and phlebotomines, incriminating these flies as invertebrate hosts and probably also as important vectors of Amazonian terrestrial anuran trypanosomes.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Tập 55 Số 5

427-435

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