A New Approach to In Vitro Comparisons of Antibiotics in Dynamic Models: Equivalent Area under the Curve/MIC Breakpoints and Equiefficient Doses of Trovafloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Bacteria of Similar Susceptibilities
Tóm tắt
Time-kill studies, even those performed with in vitro dynamic models, often do not provide definitive comparisons of different antimicrobial agents. Also, they do not allow determinations of equiefficient doses or predictions of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC breakpoints that might be related to antimicrobial effects (AMEs). In the present study, a wide range of single doses of trovafloxacin (TR) and twice-daily doses of ciprofloxacin (CI) were mimicked in an in vitro dynamic model. The AMEs of TR and CI against gram-negative bacteria with similar susceptibilities to both drugs were related to AUC/MICs that varied over similar eight-fold ranges [from 54 to 432 and from 59 to 473 (μg · h/ml)/(μg/ml), respectively]. The observation periods were designed to include complete bacterial regrowth, and the AME was expressed by its intensity (the area between the control growth in the absence of antibiotics and the antibiotic-induced time-kill and regrowth curves up to the point where viable counts of regrowing bacteria equal those achieved in the absence of drug [
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bergan T. Thorsteinsson S. B. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ciprofloxacin Proceedings of the 1st International Ciprofloxacin Workshop Current clinical practice series 34. Neu H. C. Weuta H. 1986 111 121 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Excerpta Medica) Amsterdam The Netherlands
Blaser J. Zinner S. H. In vitro models for the study of antibiotic activities. Prog. Drug Res. 31 1987 349 381
Dalhoff A. 1995. Activities of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae . Drugs 49 (Suppl. 2):194–196.
Felmingham D. M. J. Robbins K. Ingley I. Mathias H. Bhogal A. Leakey G. L. Ridgway and R. N. Grüneberg. 1997. In-vitro activity of trovafloxacin a new fluoroquinolone against recent clinical isolates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39 (Suppl. B):43–49.
Firsov A. A. In vitro simulated pharmacokinetic profiles: forecasting antibiotic optimal dosage. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. Special Issue 3 1991 406 409
Firsov A. A. 1993. Critical reappraisal of modern approaches to search determinants of efficacy of antimicrobials. Eur. Bull. Drug Res. 2 (Suppl. 1):33–38.
Firsov A. A. Nazarov A. D. Chernykh V. M. Pharmacokinetic approaches to rational antibiotic therapy Advances in science and engineering 17 1989 1 228 VINITI Publishers Moscow, Russia (In Russian.)
Graham D. R. Klein T. Torres A. Niedermann M. the Trovan Nosocomial Pneumonia Study Group A double blind randomized multicenter study of nosocomial pneumonia (NOS) comparing trovafloxacin with ciprofloxacin ± clindamycin/metronidazole abstr. LM-74 Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1997 378 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C
Murakawa T. In vitro/in vivo kinetic models for evaluating efficacy of antimicrobial agents Pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents: principles methods applications part IV. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy section IV-1. Kuemmerle H.-P. Murakawa T. Nightingale C. H. 1993 165 177 Ecomed Verlags GmbH & Co. KG Landsberg/Lech Germany
Niederman M. Traub S. Ellison W. T. Hopkins D. W. the Trovan Pneumonia Study Group A double blind randomized multicenter global study in hospitalized community acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing trovafloxacin with ceftriaxone + erythromycin abstr. LM-72 Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1997 377 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C
Nightingale C. H. Pharmacokinetic considerations in quinolone therapy. Pharmacotherapy 13 2 Pt. 2 1993 34S 38S
Schentag J. J. Nix D. E. Adelman M. H. Mathematical examination of dual individualization principles. Relationships between AUC above MIC and area under the inhibitory curve (AUC/MIC) for cefmenoxime, ciprofloxacin, and tobramycin. DICP-Ann. Pharmacother. 25 1991 1050 1057
Schentag J. J. Nix D. E. Forrest A. Pharmacodynamics of the fluoroquinolones Quinolone antimicrobial agents 2nd ed. Hooper D. C. Wolfson J. S. 1993 259 271 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C
Sullivan J. Gezon J. Williams Hopkins D. the Trovan Community Pneumonia Study Group Double blind randomized multicenter study in ambulatory community acquired pneumonia (CAP) comparing trovafloxacin with clarithromycin abstr. LM-73 Program and abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1997 378 American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C
White C. A. and R. G. Toothaker. 1985. Influence of ampicillin elimination half-life on in-vitro bactericidal effect. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 15 (Suppl. A):257–260.
Wiedemann B. C. Rustige-Wiedemann and B. Kratz. 1995. Comparison of the pharmacodynamic properties of quinolones. Drugs 49 (Suppl. 2):269–271.
Wise R. D. Lister C. A. M. McNulty D. Griggs and J. M. Andrews. 1986. The comparative pharmacokinetics of five quinolones. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 18 (Suppl. D):71–81.