Nutrition in Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis caused by various hepatotropic viruses (Hepatitis A, B, C, and E) is common in developing countries and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The liver is the largest organ of the body with various metabolic functions. Patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis often have altered metabolism leading to decreased food intake and malnutrition. The presence of protein and calorie malnutrition in these patients may increase morbidity and mortality. Early identification and prompt treatment of malnutrition improve prognosis and overall survival. The aim of this review was to address the metabolic role of the liver, and the prevalence, and etiopathogenesis of various micro and macronutrient deficiencies in patients with viral hepatitis. The role of nutrition in specific high-risk groups has also been outlined. Patients with viral hepatitis can have both micro and macronutrient deficiency. Reduced dietary intake and altered metabolic state are the leading causes of malnutrition. Early diagnosis and management of malnutrition in viral hepatitis are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Provision should be made to educate public leaders, primary health care workers, and treating physicians to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition.