The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Follow-up Study Investigating the Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders

American Academy of Pediatrics, Council on Children with Disabilities, Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Bright Futures Steering Committee, Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee (2006). Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: An algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics, 118, 405–420. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistics manual of mental disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV). Washington, DC: Author. Baird, G., Charman, T., Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Swettenham, J., Wheelwright, S., Drew, A., & Kemal, L. (2000). A screening instrument for autism at 18 months of age: A 6-year follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 694–702. Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: The Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Lancet, 368, 210–215. Baron-Cohen, S., Allen, J., & Gillberg, C. (1992). Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack, and the CHAT. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 839–843. Baron-Cohen, S., Cox, A., Baird, G., Swettenham, J., Nightengale, N., Morgan, K., Drew, A., & Charman, T. (1996). Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 158–163. Bertrand, J., Mars, A., Boyle, C., Bove, F., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Decoufle, P. (2001). Prevalence of autism in a United States population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation. Pediatrics, 108, 1155–1161. Chakrabarti, S., & Fombonne, E. (2001). Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(24), 3093–3099. Charman, T. (2002). The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Recent evidence and future challenges. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 11(6), 249–256. Charman, T., Taylor, E., Drew, A., Cockerill, H., Brown, J., & Baird, G. (2005). Outcome at 7 years of children diagnosed with autism at age 2: Predictive validity of assessments conducted at 2 and 3 years of age and pattern of symptom change over time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 500–513. Chawarska, K., Klin, A., Paul, R., & Volkmar, F. (2007). Autism spectrum disorder in the second year: Stability and change in syndrome expression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 128–138. Cox, A., Klein, K., Charman, T., Baird, G., Baron-Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., Drew, A., & Wheelwright, S. (1999). Autism spectrum disorders at 20 and 42 months of age: Stability of clinical and ADI-R diagnosis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40, 719–732. Dietz, C., Swinkels, S., van Daalen, E., van Engeland, H., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2006). Screening for asJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 713–722. dosReis, S., Weiner, C. L., Johnson, L., & Newschaffer, C. J. (2006). Autism spectrum disorder screening and management practices among general pediatric providers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27, S88–S94. Dumont-Mathieu, T., & Fein, D. (2005). Screening for autism in young children: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and other measures. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 11, 253–262. Earls, M., & Hay, S. (2006). Setting the stage for success: Implementation of developmental and behavioral screening and surveillance in primary care practice-The North Carolina assuring better child health and development 9ABCD) project. Pediatrics, 118, 183–188. Eaves, L., & Ho, H. (2004). Brief report: stability and change in cognitive and behavioral characteristics of autism through childhood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 557–569. Eaves, L., Wingert, H., Ho, & Helena H. (2006). Screening for autism: Agreement with diagnosis. Autism, 10, 229–242. Elliot C. D. (1990) Differential abilities scale. San Antonio TX: Harcourt Brace. Fine, S., Weissman, A., Gerdes, M., Pinto-Martin, J., Zackai, E., McDonald-McGinn, D., & Emanuel, B. (2005). Autism spectrum disorders and symptoms in children with molecularly confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 461–470. Fombonne, E. (2003). Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: An update. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 365–382. Fombonne, E., Zakarian, R., Bennett, A., Meng, L., & McLean-Heywood, D. (2006). Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and links with immunizations. Pediatrics, 118, 139–150. Gillberg, C., Nordin, V., & Ehlers, S. (1996). Early detection of autism. Diagnostic instruments for clinicians. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, 67–74. Glascoe, F. (2005). Screening for developmental and behavioral problems. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 11(3), 173–179. Glascoe F. (2001). Parents’ evaluation of developmental status. Nashville, TN: Ellsworth and Vandermeer Press, LLC. Glascoe, F., & Dworkin, P. (1995). The role of parents in the detection of developmental and behavioral problems. Pediatrics, 95, 829–836. Gray, K., Tonge, B., & Brereton, A. (2006). Screening for autism in infants, children, and adolescents. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 32, 197–227. Harris, S., & Handleman, J. (2000). Age and IQ at intake as predictors of placement for young children with autism: A four to 6-year follow-up. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 137–142. Kleinman, J. Ventola, P., Pandey, J., Verbalis, A., Barton, M., Hodgson, S., Green, J., Dumont-Mathieu, T., Robins, D., & Fein, D. (in press) Diagnostic stability and prediction of outcome in very young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.. Lord, C. (1995). Follow-up of 2-year-olds referred for possible autism. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1365–1382. Lord, C., Risi, S., DiLavore, P., Shulman, C., Thurm, A., & Pickles. A. (2006) Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 694–701. Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism diagnostic observation schedule-WPS edition. Los Angles, California: Western Psychological Services. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685. Mawle, E., & Griffiths, P. (2006) Screening for autism in pre-school children in primary care: Systematic review of English Language tools. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 623–636. Moore, V., & Goodson, S. (2003). How well does early diagnosis of autism stand the test of time? Follow-up study of children assessed for autism at age 2 and development of an early diagnostic service. Autism, 7, 47–63. Mullen, E. M. (1995). Mullen scales of early learning. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Robins, D., & Dumont-Mathieu, T. (2006). Early screening for autism spectrum disorders: Update on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers and other measures. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(Supplement 2), S111–S119. Robins, D. L., Fein, D., & Barton, M. L. (1999). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT). Storrs, CT: Self-published. Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 131–144. Sand, N., Silverstein, M., Glascoe, F. P., Gupta, V. B., Tonniges, T. P., & O’Connor, K. G. (2005). Pediatricians’ reported practices regarding developmental screening: Do guidelines work? Do they help? Pediatrics, 116, 174–179. Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Renner, B. R. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Sparrow S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). The vineland adaptive behavior scales. Circles Pines, MN: American Guidance Services. Stone, W. L., Coonrod, E. E., Turner, L. M., & Pozdol, S. L. (2004). Psychometric properties of the STAT for early autism screening. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 691–701. Stone, W., Lee, E., Ashford, L., Brissie, J., Hepburn, S., Coonrod, E., & Weiss, B. (1999). Can autism be diagnosed accurately in children under 3 years? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40, 219–226. Sutera, S., Sutera, S., Pandey, J., Esser, E., Rosenthal, M., Wilson, L., Barton, M., Green, J., & Fein, D. (2007). Predictors of optimal outcome in toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 98–107. Swinkels, S. H. N., Dietz, C., van Daalen, E., Kerkhof, H. G. M., van Engeland, H., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2006). Screening for autistic spectrum in children aged 14–15 months. I: The development of the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(6), 723–732. Tuchman, & Rapin, I. (1997). Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics, 99, 560–566. Ventola, P., Kleinman, B., Pandey, J., Barton, M., Allen, S., Green, J., Robins, D., & Fein, D. (2006) Agreement among four diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders in toddlers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 839–847. Ventola, P., Kleinman, J., Pandey, P., Wilson, L., Esser, E., Boorstein, H., Dumont-Mathieu, T., Marshia, G., Barton, M., Hodgson, S., Green, J., Volkmar, F., Chawarska, K., Babitz, T., & Fein, D. (2007). Differentiating between Autism Spectrum Disorders and other developmental disabilities in children who failed a screening instrument for ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 4325–436. Volkmar, F., Chawarska, K., & Klin, A. (2005). Autism in infancy and early childhood. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 315–336. Wong, V., Hui, L., Lee, W., Leung, L., Ho, P., Lau, W., Fung, C., & Chung, B. (2004). A modified screening tool for autism (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers [CHAT-23] for Chinese children. Pediatrics, 114, e166–e176.