Gang Membership as a Risk Factor for Adolescent Violent Victimization
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allison, P.D., 1999, Logistic Regression Using the SAS System: Theory and Application
1999, Studies in Crime and Crime Prevention, 8, 139
Bureau of Justice Statistics., 2003, Criminal Victimization in the United States
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., 2004, Morbitity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53
Cook, P., and J. Laub. 1998. “The Unprecedented Epidemic in Youth Violence” Pp. 27—64 in Youth Violence, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 24, edited by M. Tonry and M. Moore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2002. “After the Epidemic: Recent Trends in Youth Violence in the United States.” Pp. 1—37 in Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 29, edited by M. Tonry and M. Moore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Curry, G.D., 1996, Estimating the National Scope of Gang Crime from Law Enforcement Data
Duffee, D., 2000, Criminal Justice 2000, vol. 4, Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice
Egley, A., 2002, “National Youth Gang Survey Trends from 1996-2000.” OJJDP Fact Sheet
Egley, A., J.C. Howell, and A.K. Major. 2004. “Recent Patterns of Gang Problems in the United States: Results from the 1996-2002 National Youth Gang Survey ” Pp. 90—108 in American Youth Gangs at the Millennium, edited by F.A. Esbensen, S. G. Tibbetts, and L. Gaines. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Esbensen, F.-A., 2000, Preventing Adolescent Gang Membership.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin
2002, Evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Program in the United States, 1995-1999 [Computer file]. 2d ICPSR vers
Ferraro, K.J., 1983, Victimology: An International Journal, 8, 203
Gottfredson, D.C., 2001, Schools and Delinquency
Hindelang, M., 1978, Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical Foundation for a Theory of Personal Victimization
2003, Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework
Howell, J.C., 1999, OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Howell, J.C., 1999, Youth Gang Drug Trafficking.” OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Huizinga, D., Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Criminology
Huizinga, D., and C. Jakob-Chien. 1998. “The Contemporaneous Co-Occurrence of Serious and Violent Juvenile Offending and Other Problem Behaviors” Pp. 47—67 in Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, edited by R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Huff, C.R., 1998, Comparing the Criminal Behavior of Youth Gangs and At-Risk Youths.” NIJ Research in Brief
Jacobs, B.A., 2000, Robbing Drug Dealers: Violence beyond the Law
Johnston, L.D., 2003, Monitoring the Future
Loeber, R., 2001, Juvenile Delinquency and Serious Injury Victimization.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Lynch, J.P., 2002, Trends in Juvenile Violent Offending: An Analysis of Victim Survey Data.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Lynch, J.P., 2007, Understanding Crime Statistics: Revisiting the Divergence of the NCVS and UCR
Maxson, C.L., 1995, Street Gangs and Drug Sales in Two Suburban Cities.” NIJ Research in Brief
1998, Gang Members on the Move.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin
———. 1999. “Gang Homicide: A Review and Extension of the Literature ” Pp. 239—54 in Homicide: A Sourcebook of Social Research , edited by M. D. Smith and M. A. Zahn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Maxson, C.L., G.D. Curry, and J. C. Howell. 2002. “Youth Gang Homicides in the 1990s” Pp. 107—37 in Responding to Gangs: Evaluation and Research, edited by W. L. Reed and S. H. Decker. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
Maxson, C.L., and M.W. Klein. 1990. “Street Gang Violence: Twice as Great or Half as Great?” Pp.71—100 in Gangs in America, edited by C. R. Huff. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2001, One of the Guys: Girls, Gangs and Gender
———. 2002. “Young Women in Street Gangs: Risk Factors, Delinquency and Victimization Risk” Pp. 67—105 in Responding to Gangs: Evaluation and Research, edited by W. L. Reed and S. H. Decker. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
Miller, W.B. 2001. The Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States : 1970—98. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Moore, M.H., D. Prothrow-Stith, B. Guyer, and H. Spivak. 1994. “Violence and Intentional Injuries: Criminal Justice and Public Health Perspectives on an Urgent National Problem ” Pp. 167—216 in Understanding and Preventing Violence, vol. 4, Consequences and Control, edited by A. J. Reiss, Jr., and J. A. Roth. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy Press.
National Institutes of Health., 2004, Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking Social Behaviors in Adolescents: An NIH State-of-the-Science Conference
Padilla, F. 1995. “The Working Gang” Pp. 53—61 in The Modern Gang Reader, edited by M. W. Klein , C. L. Maxson, and J. Miller. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
Piquero, A.R., 2005, Criminology, 21, 55
Reiss, A.J., Jr., and J.A. Roth. 1993. “Measuring and Counting Violent Crimes and Their Consequences” Pp. 404—29 in Understanding and Preventing Violence, edited by A. J. Reiss, Jr., and J. A. Roth. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy Press.
Sampson, R.J., and J.L. Lauritsen. 1994. “Violent Victimization and Offending: Individual- Situational- and Community-Level Risk Factors” Pp. 1—114 in Understanding and Preventing Violence, vol. 3, Social Influences , edited by A. J. Reiss, Jr., and J. A. Roth. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academy Press.
Sanders, W.B., 1994, Gangbangs and Drive-Bys: Grounded Culture and Juvenile Gang Violence
Savitz, L., 1980, Victimology: An International Journal, 5, 152
Shaffer, J.N., 2002, Violent Victimization as a Risk Factor for Violent Offending among Juveniles.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin
Short, J.F., Jr., and L.A. Hughes. 2006. “Moving Gang Research Forward ” Pp. 225—38 in Studying Youth Gangs, edited by J. F. Short, Jr., and L. A. Hughes. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
Spergel, I.A., and G.D. Curry. 1990. “Strategies and Perceived Agency Effectiveness in Dealing with the Youth Gang Problem” Pp. 288—309 in Gangs in America, edited by C. R. Huff. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
———. 1993. “The National Youth Gang Survey: A Research and Development Process” Pp. 359—400 in The Gang Intervention Handbook , edited by A. Goldstein and C. R. Huff. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Taylor, T.J., Violence and Victims
Thornberry, T.P. 1998. “Membership in Youth Gangs and Involvement in Serious and Violent Offending” Pp. 147—66 in Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors for Successful Interventions, edited by R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Thornberry, T.P., 2003, Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective
