Increasing evidence shows great diversity in the effects of the criminal
sanction. Legal punishment either reduces, increases, or has no effect on future
crimes, depending on the type of offenders, offenses, social settings, and
levels of analysis. A theory of “defiance” helps explain the conditions under
which punishment increases crime. Procedural justice (fairness or legitimacy) of
experienced ... hiện toàn bộ
Terence P. Thornberry, Marvin D. Krohn, Alan J. Lizotte, Deborah Chard-Wierschem
This study examines alternative explanations for why gang members are more
likely to have higher rates of serious and violent crime than nongang members.
Specifically, three models are posited: (a) a selection or “kind of person”
model; (b) a social facilitation or “kind of group” model; and (c) an
enhancement model that combines aspects of the selection and social facilitation
models. Each model ... hiện toàn bộ
One third of all children are born to unmarried mothers and over one half of
children will spend some time in a single-parent family. In fact, single-father
families are the fastest growing family form. Using data from the 1995 National
Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, the authors extend prior research that
has investigated the effects of growing up in a two-parent versus single-mother
fa... hiện toàn bộ
Alexander T. Vazsonyi, Lloyd E. Pickering, Marianne Junger, Dick J. Hessing
The current investigation examined the psychometric properties of Grasmick et
al.'s self-control measure and its relationship with deviance on large,
representative adolescent samples ( N = 8,417) from Hungary, the Netherlands,
Switzerland, and the United States. Important findings indicate that (1) the
self-control measure is multidimensional; (2) the self-control measure is
tenable for males, fe... hiện toàn bộ
Despite increased scholarly and policy attention to prisoner reentry, much
remains unknown about the factors that contribute to a successful transition
from prison to society. The authors focused on a neglected but potentially
critical factor, inmate visitation, that may reduce recidivism. The expectation
of such an effect stems from prominent crime theories and an increasing body of
work that str... hiện toàn bộ
Using data from a sample of 754 middle school students in Grades 7 and 8, this
article examines the independent effects of the four components of the school
social bond—school commitment, attachment to school, school involvement, and
belief in school rules—on school crime, school misconduct, and school
nonattendance. The results suggest that personal background, family involvement
in schooling, an... hiện toàn bộ
Child sexual abuse has been hypothesized to be an especially significant factor
in the etiology of girls’ delinquency and women’s crime. This article reports on
a prospective study of 206 women who, in the period from 1973 to 1975, were
treated in a hospital emergency room in a major city following a report of
sexual abuse. Their subsequent juvenile and adult criminal records were compared
to a ma... hiện toàn bộ
Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to extend recent work aimed at
applying routine activity theory to crimes in which the victim and offender
never come into physical proximity. To that end, relationships between
individuals' online routines and identity theft victimization were examined.
Method: Data from a subsample of 5,985 respondents from the 2008 to 2009 British
Crime Survey we... hiện toàn bộ
Terrance J. Taylor, Dana Peterson, Finn‐Aage Esbensen, Adrienne Freng
Youth gangs and violence have received substantial scholarly and public
attention during the past two decades. While most of the extant research on
youth gang members has focused on their offending behaviors, few quantitative
studies have been conducted to examine the link between gang membership and
violent victimization. The current study uses data from a multi-site study of
youth to explore pot... hiện toàn bộ
Christopher T. Lowenkamp, Francis T. Cullen, Travis C. Pratt
Using data from the British Crime Survey conducted in 1982, Sampson and Groves
provided a convincing test of social disorganization theory. Although
macro-level theory was in the midst of a revival when this investigation
appeared, no single article did more to polish the previously tarnished image of
social disorganization theory than Sampson and Groves's analysis; in fact, this
work has become a... hiện toàn bộ