How many steps/day are enough? for children and adolescents

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 8 - Trang 1-14 - 2011
Catrine Tudor-Locke1,2, Cora L Craig2,3, Michael W Beets4, Sarahjane Belton5, Greet M Cardon6, Scott Duncan7, Yoshiro Hatano8, David R Lubans9, Timothy S Olds10, Anders Raustorp11,12, David A Rowe13, John C Spence14, Shigeho Tanaka15, Steven N Blair16
1Walking Behavior Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, USA
2Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
3School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
4Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
5School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
6Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
7Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
8Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
9School of Education, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
10Health and Use of Time (HUT) Group, Sansom Institute for Heath Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
11School of Sport Sciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden
12Department of Neurobiology, Care, Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
13School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
14Sedentary Living Lab, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
15Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
16Departments of Exercise Science and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA

Tóm tắt

Worldwide, public health physical activity guidelines include special emphasis on populations of children (typically 6-11 years) and adolescents (typically 12-19 years). Existing guidelines are commonly expressed in terms of frequency, time, and intensity of behaviour. However, the simple step output from both accelerometers and pedometers is gaining increased credibility in research and practice as a reasonable approximation of daily ambulatory physical activity volume. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review existing child and adolescent objectively monitored step-defined physical activity literature to provide researchers, practitioners, and lay people who use accelerometers and pedometers with evidence-based translations of these public health guidelines in terms of steps/day. In terms of normative data (i.e., expected values), the updated international literature indicates that we can expect 1) among children, boys to average 12,000 to 16,000 steps/day and girls to average 10,000 to 13,000 steps/day; and, 2) adolescents to steadily decrease steps/day until approximately 8,000-9,000 steps/day are observed in 18-year olds. Controlled studies of cadence show that continuous MVPA walking produces 3,300-3,500 steps in 30 minutes or 6,600-7,000 steps in 60 minutes in 10-15 year olds. Limited evidence suggests that a total daily physical activity volume of 10,000-14,000 steps/day is associated with 60-100 minutes of MVPA in preschool children (approximately 4-6 years of age). Across studies, 60 minutes of MVPA in primary/elementary school children appears to be achieved, on average, within a total volume of 13,000 to 15,000 steps/day in boys and 11,000 to 12,000 steps/day in girls. For adolescents (both boys and girls), 10,000 to 11,700 may be associated with 60 minutes of MVPA. Translations of time- and intensity-based guidelines may be higher than existing normative data (e.g., in adolescents) and therefore will be more difficult to achieve (but not impossible nor contraindicated). Recommendations are preliminary and further research is needed to confirm and extend values for measured cadences, associated speeds, and MET values in young people; continue to accumulate normative data (expected values) for both steps/day and MVPA across ages and populations; and, conduct longitudinal and intervention studies in children and adolescents required to inform the shape of step-defined physical activity dose-response curves associated with various health parameters.

Tài liệu tham khảo

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: Be Active, Healthy, and Happy!. 2008, Washington, D.C. Public Health Agency of Canada & Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology: Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living for Children. 2002, Ottawa, Ont.: Public Health Agency Public Health Agency of Canada & Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology: Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living for Youth. 2002, Ottawa, Ont.: Public Health Agency Timmons BW, Naylor PJ, Pfeiffer KA: Physical activity for preschool children--how much and how?. Can J Public Health. 2007, 98 (Suppl 2): S122-134. Tudor-Locke C, Johnson WD, Katzmarzyk PT: Accelerometer-determined steps/day in U.S. children and youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010, 42: 2244-2250. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e32d7f. Craig CL, Cameron C, Griffiths JM, Tudor-Locke C: Descriptive epidemiology of youth pedometer-determined physical activity: CANPLAY. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010, 42: 163-1643. Tudor-Locke C, Myers AM: Methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners using pedometers to measure physical (ambulatory) activity. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001, 72: 1-12. Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Brown WJ, Clemes SA, De Cocker K, Giles-Corti B, Hatano Y, Inoue S, Matsudo SM, Mutrie N, et al: How many steps/day are enough? For adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011, 8: 79-10.1186/1479-5868-8-79. Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Aoyagi Y, Bell RC, Croteau KA, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Ewald B, Gardner AW, Hatano Y, Lutes LD, et al: How many steps/day are enough? For older adults and special populations. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011, 8: 80-10.1186/1479-5868-8-80. Rowlands AV, Eston RG, Ingledew DK: Relationship between activity levels, aerobic fitness, and body fat in 8- to 10-yr-old children. J Appl Physiol. 1999, 86: 1428-1435. Tudor-Locke C, McClain JJ, Hart TL, Sisson SB, Washington TL: Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in youth. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009, 80: 164-174. Beets MW, Bornstein D, Beighle A, Cardinal BJ, Morgan CF: Pedometer-measured physical activity patterns of youth: a 13-country review. Am J Prev Med. 2010, 38: 208-216. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.045. Vincent SD, Pangrazi RP: An examination of the activity patterns of elementary school children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2002, 14: 432-441. The President's Challenge: Physical Activity & Fitness Awards Program. [http://www.presidentschallenge.org] Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I: A pilot study comparing pedometer counts with reported physical activity in elementary schoolchildren. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2004, 16: 355-367. Rowlands AV, Eston RG: Comparison of accelerometer and pedometer measures of physical activity in boys and girls, ages 8-10 years. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2005, 76: 251-257. Lubans D, Morgan P: Evaluation of an extra-curricular school sport programme promoting lifestyle and lifetime activity for adolescents. J Sports Sci. 2008, 26: 519-529. 10.1080/02640410701624549. Craig CL, Tudor-Locke C, Cragg S, Cameron C: Process and Treatment of Pedometer Data Collection for Youth: The CANPLAY Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010, 42: 430-435. Bassett DR, Schneider PL, Huntington GE: Physical activity in an Old Order Amish community. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004, 36: 79-85. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000106184.71258.32. Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR: How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med. 2004, 34: 1-8. 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001. Tudor-Locke C, Hatano Y, Pangrazi RP, Kang M: Revisiting "How many steps are enough?". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008, 40: S537-543. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c7133. Tudor-Locke C, Johnson WD, Katzmarzyk PT: Accelerometer-determined steps per day in US adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009, 41: 1384-1391. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318199885c. Tudor-Locke C, Pangrazi RP, Corbin CB, Rutherford WJ, Vincent SD, Raustorp A, Tomson LM, Cuddihy TF: BMI-referenced standards for recommended pedometer-determined steps/day in children. Prev Med. 2004, 38: 857-864. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.12.018. Beets MW, Le Masurier GC, Beighle A, Rowe DA, Morgan CF, Rutherford J, Wright M, Darst P, Pangrazi R: Are current body mass index referenced pedometer step-count recommendations applicable to US youth?. J Phys Act Health. 2008, 5: 665-674. Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology: The Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness & Lifestyle Approach (CPAFLA): CSEP-Health & Fitness Program's Health-Related Appraisal and Counselling Strategy. 2003, Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology, 3 Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Tudor-Locke C: A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Prev Med. 2009, 48: 307-315. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.014. Kang M, Marshall SJ, Barreira TV, Lee JO: Effect of pedometer-based physical activity interventions: a meta-analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009, 80: 648-655. Bravata DM, Smith-Spangler C, Sundaram V, Gienger AL, Lin N, Lewis R, Stave CD, Olkin I, Sirard JR: Using pedometers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007, 298: 2296-2304. 10.1001/jama.298.19.2296. Richardson CR, Newton TL, Abraham JJ, Sen A, Jimbo M, Swartz AM: A meta-analysis of pedometer-based walking interventions and weight loss. Ann Fam Med. 2008, 6: 69-77. 10.1370/afm.761. Tudor-Locke C, Sisson SB, Collova T, Lee SM, Swan PD: Pedometer-determined step count guidelines for classifying walking intensity in a young ostensibly healthy population. Can J Appl Physiol. 2005, 30: 666-676. 10.1139/h05-147. Marshall SJ, Levy SS, Tudor-Locke CE, Kolkhorst FW, Wooten KM, Ji M, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE: Translating physical activity recommendations into a pedometer-based step goal: 3000 steps in 30 minutes. Am J Prev Med. 2009, 36: 410-415. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.021. Graser SV, Groves A, Prusak KA, Pennington TR: Pedometer steps-per-minute, moderate intensity, and individual differences in 12-14-year-old youth. J Phys Act Health. 2011, 8: 272-278. Graser SV, Pangrazi RP, Vincent WJ: Step It Up: Activity Intensity Using Pedometers. JOPERD. 2009, 80: 22-24. Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Collins CE, Boreham CA, Callister R: The relationship between heart rate intensity and pedometer step counts in adolescents. J Sports Sci. 2009, 27: 591-597. 10.1080/02640410802676687. Jago R, Watson K, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Yoo S, Baranowski J, Conry K: Pedometer reliability, validity and daily activity targets among 10- to 15-year-old boys. J Sports Sci. 2006, 24: 241-251. 10.1080/02640410500141661. Scruggs PW: Quantifying activity time via pedometry in fifth- and sixth-grade physical education. J Phys Act Health. 2007, 4: 215-227. Scruggs PW: Middle school physical education physical activity quantification: a pedometer steps/min guideline. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2007, 78: 284-292. Scruggs PW: A comparative analysis of pedometry in measuring physical activity of children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007, 39: 1837-1846. 10.1249/mss.0b013e318126c1aa. Scruggs PW, Beveridge SK, Eisenman PA, Watson DL, Shultz BB, Ransdell LB: Quantifying physical activity via pedometry in elementary physical education. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003, 35: 1065-1071. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000069748.02525.B2. Scruggs PW, Beveridge SK, Watson DL, Clocksin BD: Quantifying physical activity in first-through fourth-grade physical education via pedometry. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2005, 76: 166-175. Scruggs PW, Mungen JD, Oh Y: Quantifying moderate to vigorous physical activity in high school education: a pedometer steps/minute standard. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci. 2010, 14: 104-115. 10.1080/10913671003715565. Beets MW, Beighle A, Bottai M, Rooney L, Tilley F: Pedometer-determined step count guidelines for afterschool programs. J Phys Act Health. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O'Brien WL, Bassett DR, Schmitz KH, Emplaincourt PO, et al: Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000, 32: S498-504. 10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee: Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. 2008, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowell M: Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008, 40: 181-188. American College of Sports Medicine: Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998, 30: 975-991. 10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007, 39: 1423-1434. 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27. Janssen I, Leblanc AG: Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010, 11: 40. Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I: Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer measures of physical activity in preschool children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007, 19: 205-214. Tanaka C, Tanaka S: Daily physical activity in Japanese preschool children evaluated by triaxial accelerometry: the relationship between period of engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and daily step counts. J Physiol Anthropol. 2009, 28: 283-288. 10.2114/jpa2.28.283. Beighle A, Pangrazi RP: Measuring children's activity levels: The association between step-counts and activity time. J Phys Act Health. 2006, 3: 221-229. Adams MA, Caparosa S, Thompson S, Norman GJ: Translating physical activity recommendations for overweight adolescents to steps per day. Am J Prev Med. 2009, 37: 137-140. 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.016. Olds T, Ridley K, Dollman J, Maher C: The validity of a computerised use of time recall, the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2010, 22: 34-43. Duncan JS, Schofield G, Duncan EK: Step count recommendations for children based on body fat. Prev Med. 2007, 44: 42-44. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.009. Laurson KR, Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ, Wickel EE, Gentile DA, Walsh DA: Evaluation of youth pedometer-determined physical activity guidelines using receiver operator characteristic curves. Prev Med. 2008, 46: 419-424. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.12.017. Dollman J, Olds TS, Esterman A, Kupke T: Pedometer step guidelines in relation to weight status among 5- to 16-year-old Australians. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2010, 22: 288-300. Eisenmann JC, Laurson KR, Wickel EE, Gentile D, Walsh D: Utility of pedometer step recommendations for predicting overweight in children. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007, 31: 1179-1182. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803553. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000, 320: 1240-1243. 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240. Raustorp A, Pangrazi RP, Stahle A: Physical activity level and body mass index among schoolchildren in south-eastern Sweden. Acta Paediatr. 2003, 93: 400-404. Parfitt G, Eston RG: The relationship between children's habitual activity level and psychological well-being. Acta Paediatr. 2005, 94: 1791-1797. 10.1080/08035250500268266. Zizzi S, Vitullo E, Rye J, O'Hara-Tompkins N, Abildso C, Fisher B, Bartlett M: Impact of a Three-week Pedometer Intervention on High School Students' Daily Step Counts and Perceptions of Physical Activity. Am J Health Edu. 2006, 37: 35-40. Raustorp A, Ludvigsson J: Secular trends of pedometer-determined physical activity in Swedish school children. Acta Paediatr. 2007, 96: 1824-1828. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00525.x. Duncan MJ, Al-Nakeeb Y, Woodfield L, Lyons M: Pedometer determined physical activity levels in primary school children from central England. Prev Med. 2007, 44: 416-420. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.11.019. Raustorp A, Svenson K, Perlinger T: Tracking of pedometer-determined physical activity: a 5-year follow-up study of adolescents in Sweden. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2007, 19: 228-238. Reed JA, Brittenham SW, Phillips DA, Carlisle CS: A Preliminary Examination of the Fitness Levels of Children Who Meet the President's Council Physical Activity Recommendation. Physical Educator. 2007, 64: 159-167. Downs SM, Marshall D, Ng C, Willows ND: Central adiposity and associated lifestyle factors in Cree children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008, 33: 476-482. 10.1139/H08-027. Hohepa M, Schofield G, Kolt GS, Scragg R, Garrett N: Pedometer-determined physical activity levels of adolescents: differences by age, sex, time of week, and transportation mode to school. J Phys Act Health. 2008, 5 (Suppl 1): S140-152. Belton S, Brady P, Meegan S, Woods C: Pedometer step count and BMI of Irish primary school children aged 6-9 years. Prev Med. 2010, 50: 189-192. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.01.009.
Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Tập 8

1-14

Thông tin tác giả