The configuration of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the Quaternary

Nature Communications - Tập 10 Số 1
Christine Batchelor1, Martin Margold2, Mario Krapp3, Della Murton3, Andrew Dalton4, Philip L. Gibbard1, Chris R. Stokes4, Julian B. Murton5, Andrea Manica3
1Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Scott Polar Research Institute, CB2 1ER, Cambridge, UK
2Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
3Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, Cambridge, UK
4Department of Geography, Durham University, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
5Department of Geography, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, UK

Tóm tắt

AbstractOur understanding of how global climatic changes are translated into ice-sheet fluctuations and sea-level change is currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the configuration of ice sheets prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we compile a synthesis of empirical data and numerical modelling results related to pre-LGM ice sheets to produce new hypotheses regarding their extent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) at 17 time-slices that span the Quaternary. Our reconstructions illustrate pronounced ice-sheet asymmetry within the last glacial cycle and significant variations in ice-marginal positions between older glacial cycles. We find support for a significant reduction in the extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during MIS 3, implying that global sea levels may have been 30–40 m higher than most previous estimates. Our ice-sheet reconstructions illustrate the current state-of-the-art knowledge of pre-LGM ice sheets and provide a conceptual framework to interpret NH landscape evolution.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Lisiecki, L. E. & Raymo, M. E. A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatology 20, PA1003 (2005).

DeConto, R. M. & Pollard, D. Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise. Nature 531, 591–597 (2016).

Whipple, K. X., Kirby, E. & Brocklehurst, S. H. Geomorphic limits to climate-induced increases in topographic relief. Nature 401, 39–43 (1999).

Willerslev, E. et al. Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet. Nature 506, 47–51 (2014).

Shapiro, B. et al. Rise and fall of the Beringian Steppe Bison. Science 306, 1561–1565 (2004).

Lorenzen, E. D. et al. Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans. Nature 479, 359–364 (2011).

Stokes, C. R. et al. On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: recent advances and future challenges. Quat. Sci. Rev. 125, 15–49 (2015).

Dyke, A. S., Moore, A. & Robertson, L. Deglaciation of North America, Scale 1:7000000. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 1574 https://doi.org/10.4095/214399 (2003).

Hughes, P. D., Gibbard, P. L. & Ehlers, J. Timing of glaciation during the last glacial cycle: evaluating the concept of a global ‘Last Glacial Maximum’ (LGM). Earth Sci. Rev. 125, 171–198 (2013).

Bentley, M. J. et al. A community-based reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 100, 1–9 (2014).

Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J. & Svendsen, J. I. The last Eurasian ice sheets–a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1. Boreas 45, 1–45 (2016).

Clark, C. D. et al. BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2: a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. Boreas 47, 11–27 (2018).

Clark, P. U. et al. The Last Glacial Maximum. Science 325, 710–714 (2009).

Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D. (eds). Quaternary Glaciation Extent and Chronology: a Closer Look. Developments in Quaternary Science 15 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Hughes, P. D. & Gibbard, P. L. Global glacier dynamics during 100 ka Pleistocene glacial cycles. Quat. Res. 90, 222–243 (2018).

Kleman, J. et al. North American ice sheet build-up during the last glacial cycle, 115-21 kyr. Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 2036–2051 (2010).

Ganopolski, A., Calov, R. & Claussen, M. Simulation of the last glacial cycle with a coupled climate ice-sheet model of intermediate complexity. Clim. Past 6, 229–244 (2010).

Stokes, C. R., Tarasov, L. & Dyke, A. S. Dynamics of the North American Ice Sheet complex during its inception and build-up to the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 50, 86–104 (2012).

De Boer, B., Stocchi, P. & van de Wal, R. S. W. A fully coupled 3-D ice-sheet–sea-level model: algorithm and applications. Geosci. Model Dev. 7, 2141–2156 (2014).

Colleoni, F., Wekerle, C., Näslund, J.-O., Brandefelt, J. & Masina, J. Constraint on the penultimate glacial maximum Northern Hemisphere ice topography (= 140 kyrs BP). Quat. Sci. Rev. 137, 97–112 (2016).

Stap, L. B., van de Wal, R. S. W., de Boer, B., Bintanja, R. & Lourens, L. J. The influence of ice sheets on temperature during the past 38 million years inferred from a one-dimensional ice sheet-climate model. Clim. Past 13, 1243–1257 (2017).

Railsback, L. B., Gibbard, P. L., Head, M. J., Voarintsoa, N. R. G. & Toucanne, S. An optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages for the last 1.0 million years, and the climatostratigraphic nature of isotope stages and substages. Quat. Sci. Rev. 111, 94–106 (2015).

De Schepper, S., Gibbard, P. L., Salzmann, U. & Ehlers, J. A global synthesis of the marine and terrestrial evidence for glaciation during the Pliocene Epoch. Earth Sci. Rev. 135, 83–102 (2014).

Andriashek, L. D. & Barendregt, R. W. Evidence for Early Pleistocene glaciation from borecore stratigraphy in north-central Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 54, 445–460 (2017).

Joyce, J. E., Tjalsma, L. R. C. & Prutzman, J. M. North American glacial meltwater history for the past 2.3My: oxygen isotope evidence from the Gulf of Mexico. Geology 21, 483–486 (1993).

Balco, G. & Rovey, C. W. II Absolute chronology for major Pleistocene advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Geology 38, 795–798 (2010).

Haug, G. H. et al. North Pacific seasonality and the glaciation of North America 2.7 million years ago. Nature 433, 821–825 (2005).

Bailey, I. et al. An alternative suggestion for the Pliocene onset of major northern hemisphere glaciation based on the geochemical provenance of North Atlantic Ocean ice-rafted debris. Quat. Sci. Rev. 75, 181–194 (2013).

Laberg, J. S., Forwick, M., Husum, K. & Nielsen, T. A re-evaluation of the Pleistocene behaviour of the Scoresby Sund sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Geology 41, 1231–1234 (2013).

Glushkova, O. Y. Late Pleistocene Glaciations in North-East Asia. In Quaternary Glaciation Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look (eds Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D.) Developments in Quaternary Science 15, 865–875 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Barr, I. D. & Clark, C. D. Late Quaternary glaciations in Far NE Russia; combining moraines, topography and chronology to assess regional and global glaciation synchrony. Quat. Sci. Rev. 53, 72–87 (2012).

Svendsen, J. I. et al. Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 23, 1229–1271 (2004).

Liakka, J., Löfverström, M. & Colleoni, F. The impact of the North American glacial topography on the evolution of the Eurasian ice sheet over the last glacial cycle. Clim. Past 12, 1225–1241 (2016).

Rohling, E. J. et al. Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions. Quat. Sci. Rev. 176, 1–28 (2017).

Duk-Rodkin, A. & Barendregt, R. W. The Glacial History of Northwestern Canada. In Quaternary Glaciation Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look (eds Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D.) Developments in Quaternary Science 15, 661–698 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Patton, H. et al. Deglaciation of the Eurasian ice sheet complex. Quat. Sci. Rev. 169, 148–172 (2017).

Oppenheimer, M. Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature 393, 325–332 (1998).

Spratt, R. M. & Lisiecki, L. E. A Late Pleistocene sea level stack. Clim. Past 12, 1079–1092 (2016).

Simms, A. R., Lisiecki, L., Gebbie, G., Whitehouse, P. L. & Clark, J. F. Balancing the last glacial maximum (LGM) sea-level budget. Quat. Sci. Rev. 205, 143–153 (2019).

Pico, T., Mitrovica, J. X., Ferrier, K. L. & Braun, J. Global ice volume during MIS 3 inferred from a sea-level analysis of sedimentary core records in the Yellow River Delta. Quat. Sci. Rev. 152, 72–79 (2016).

Dalton, A. S. et al. Was the Laurentide Ice Sheet significantly reduced during Marine Isotope Stage 3? Geology 47, 111–114 (2019).

Marshall, S. J., James, T. S. & Clark, G. K. C. North American Ice Sheet reconstructions at the Last Glacial Maximum. Quat. Sci. Rev. 21, 175–192 (2002).

Steer, P., Huismans, R. S., Valla, P. G., Gac, S. & Herman, F. Bimodal Plio-Quaternary glacial erosion of fjords and low-relief surfaces in Scandinavia. Nat. Geosci. 5, 635–639 (2012).

Egholm, D. L. et al. Formation of plateau landscapes on glaciated continental margins. Nat. Geosci. 10, 592–597 (2017).

Clark, P. U. & Pollard, D. Origin of the middle Pleistocene transition by ice sheet erosion of regolith. Paleoceanography 13, 1–9 (1998).

Chalk, T. B. et al. Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 13114–13119 (2017).

Astakhov, V. I., Kaplyanskaya, F. A. & Tarnogradsky, V. D. Pleistocene permafrost of West Siberia as a deformable glacier bed. Permafr. Periglac. 7, 165–191 (1996).

Vorren, T. O. & Laberg, J. S. Trough mouth fans—palaeoclimate and ice-sheet monitors. Quat. Sci. Rev. 16, 865–881 (1997).

Batchelor, C. L. & Dowdeswell, J. A. The physiography of High Arctic cross-shelf troughs. Quat. Sci. Rev. 92, 68–96 (2014).

Mangerud, J., Astakhov, V., Jakobsson, M. & Svendsen, J. I. Huge ice-age lakes in Russia. J. Quat. Sci. 16, 773–777 (2001).

Teller, J. T. & Leverington, D. W. Glacial Lake Agassiz: A 5000 yr history of change and its relationship to the δ18O record of Greenland. GSA Bull. 116, 729–742 (2004).

Wickert, A. D. Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth Surf. Dynam. 4, 831–869 (2016).

Waltari, E. et al. Locating pleistocene refugia: comparing phylogeographic and ecological niche model predictions. PLoS ONE 2, e563 (2007).

Schiffels, S. & Durbin, R. Inferring human population size and separation history from multiple genome sequences. Nat. Genet. 46, 919–925 (2014).

Knies, J. et al. The Plio-Pleistocene glaciation of the Barents Sea-Svalbard region: a new model based on revised chronostratigraphy. Quat. Sci. Rev. 28, 812–829 (2009).

Lundqvist, J., Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. L. Glacial history of Sweden. In Quaternary Glaciations—Extent and Chronology: Part I: Europe (eds Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. L.) Developments in Quaternary Science 2, 401–412 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004).

Larsen, E. et al. Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia. Boreas 35, 394–424 (2006).

Mangerud, J., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, O. & Svendsen, J. I. Glacial History of Norway. In Quaternary Glaciations—Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look (eds Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D.) Developments in Quaternary Science 15, 279–298 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Jakobsson, M. et al. Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation. Nat. Commun. 7, 10365 (2016).

Pierce, K. L. Pleistocene glaciations of the Rocky Mountains. In The Quaternary Period in the United States (eds Gillespie, A. R., Porter, S. C. & Atwater, B. F.) Developments in Quaternary Science 1 , 63–76 (2003).

Buoncristiani, J-F. & Campy, M. Quaternary Glaciations in the French Alps and Jura. In Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look (eds Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D.) Developments in Quaternary Science 15, 117–126 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Owen, L. A. & Dortch, J. M. Nature and timing of Quaternary glaciation in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Quat. Sci. Rev. 88, 14–54 (2014).

Funder, S. et al. Late Pliocene Greenland—the Kap København Formation in North Greenland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Den. 48, 117–134 (2001).

Bennike, O. et al. Early Pleistocene sediments on Store Koldewey, northeast Greenland. Boreas 39, 603–619 (2010).

Kaufman, D. S., Young, N. E., Briner, J. P. & Manley, M. F. Alaska Palaeo-Glacier Atlas (Version 2) In Quaternary Glaciation—Extent and Chronology: A Closer Look (eds Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Hughes, P. D.) Developments in Quaternary Science 15, 427–445 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011).

Turner, D. G. et al. Stratigraphy of Pleistocene glaciations in the St Elias Mountains, southwest Yukon, Canada. Boreas 45, 521–536 (2016).

Seguinot, J., Rogozhina, I., Stroeven, A. P., Margold, M. & Kleman, J. Numerical simulations of the Cordilleran ice sheet through the last glacial cycle. Cryosphere 10, 639–664 (2016).

Dowdeswell, J. A., Ottesen, D. & Rise, L. Rates of sediment delivery from the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet through an ice age. Geology 38, 3–6 (2010).

Cuffey, K. M. & Paterson, W. S. B. The Physics of Glaciers 4th edn, 693pp. (Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2010).

Zweck, C. & Huybrechts, P. Modeling of the northern hemisphere ice sheets during the last glacial cycle and glaciological sensitivity. J. Geophys. Res. 110, D07103 (2005).

Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y. & Sambridge, M. Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. PNAS 111, 15296–15303 (2014).

Amante, C. & Eakins, B. W. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24 (National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, Pangaea, 2009).