Studies on the interference among larvae of the citrus leaf miner,Phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae)
Tóm tắt
Observation of the citrus leaf miner,Phyllocnistis citrella
Stainton suggested that contacts among larvae frequently occur and either of two larvae encountered is sometimes killed by the interference. A model to describe the competitive interactions in the process of interference was constracted with this species. The distribution of hatchling on an area was considered in the model. The model was based on that of encounters in randomly moving particles in two dimensions. First the time when first death occurs was calculated andn hatchlings were reduced ton−1. Further calculation was made to obtain the time that next death occurs. Such calculation was repeated until the number of larvae was reduced to 1 or the area of mine attained to the completed size. By the simulation based on the data observed on the citrus leaf miner, the numbers of survivors were calculated at different hatchling densities and on different leaves in size. Based on this simulation analysis it was suggested that the following characteristics observed in the present studies enable the maximul number of individuals to become adults.
Tài liệu tham khảo
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