Prebiotics: Present and future in food science and technology

Alander, 2001, Effect of galacto-oligosaccharide supplementation on human faecal microflora and on survival and persistence of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in the gastrointestinal tract, International Dairy Journal, 11, 817, 10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00100-5

Aryana, 2007, Quality attributes of yogurt with Lactobacillus casei and various prebiotics, LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40, 1808, 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.01.008

Ballongue, 1997, Effects of lactulose and lactitol on colonic microflora and enzymatic activity, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 222, S41, 10.1080/00365521.1997.11720716

Biedrzycka, 2004, Prebiotic effectiveness of fructans of different degrees of polymerization, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 15, 170, 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.09.014

Bohm, 2005, Heat-induced degradation of inulin, European Food Research and Technology, 220, 466, 10.1007/s00217-004-1098-8

Bohm, 2006, Effect of dry heated inulin on selected intestinal bacteria, European Food Research and Technology, 222, 737, 10.1007/s00217-005-0184-x

Bouhnik, 1997, Administration of transgalacto-oligosaccharides increases fecal bifidobacteria and modifies colonic fermentation metabolism in healthy humans, Journal of Nutrition, 127, 444, 10.1093/jn/127.3.444

Bullock, 2004, Comparative composition of bacteria in the human intestinal microflora during remission and active ulcerative colitis, Current Issues International Microbiology, 5, 59

Chen, 2002, Evaluation of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides as the main carbon sources for the growth of intestinal bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 209, 53, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11108.x

Chow, 2002, Probiotics and prebiotics: A brief overview, Journal of Renal Nutrition, 12, 76, 10.1053/jren.2002.31759

Christl, 1992, Production, metabolism and excretion of hydrogen in the large intestine, Gastroenterology, 102, 1269, 10.1016/0016-5085(92)90765-Q

Chung, 2002, Glucooligosaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-742 (ATCC 13146): A potential prebiotic, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29, 196, 10.1038/sj.jim.7000269

Coppa, 2002, Prebiotics in infant formulas: Biochemical characterisation by thin layer chromatography and high performance anion exchange chromatography, Digestive and Liver Disease, 34, S124, 10.1016/S1590-8658(02)80179-7

Coppa, 2006, Prebiotics in human milk: A review, Digestive and Liver Disease, 38, S291, 10.1016/S1590-8658(07)60013-9

Crittenden, 1996, Production, properties and applications of food-grade oligosaccharides, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 7, 353, 10.1016/S0924-2244(96)10038-8

Crittenden, 2002, Purification of food-grade oligosaccharides using immobilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 58, 297, 10.1007/s00253-001-0886-3

Cummings, 1991, The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon: A review, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 70, 443, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb02739.x

Djouzi, 1995, Degradation and fermentation of alpha-gluco-oligosaccharides by bacterial strains from human colon: In vitro and in vivo studies in gnotobiotic rats, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 79, 117, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb00924.x

Ellegard, 1997, Inulin and oligofructose do not influence the absorption of cholesterol, or the excretion of cholesterol, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, or bile acids but increases energy excretion in ileostomy subjects, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 1, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600320

Fooks, 1999, Prebiotics, probiotics and human gut microbiology, International Dairy Journal, 9, 53, 10.1016/S0958-6946(99)00044-8

Franck, 1999, Prebiotics in consumer products, 291

Franck, 2002, Technological functionality of inulin and oligofructose, British Journal of Nutrition, 87, S287, 10.1079/BJN/2002550

Franz, 1999, Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety?, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 47, 1, 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00007-0

Fukuda, 2002, Prebiotic treatment of experimental colitis with germinated barley foodstuff: A comparison with probiotic or antibiotic treatment, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 9, 65

Fuller, 1991, Factors affecting the composition of the intestinal microflora of the human infant, 121

Gibson, 2000

Gibson, 1999, Concept of balanced colonic microbiota, prebiotics and synbiotics, 139

Gibson, 2004, Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics, Nutrition Research Reviews, 17, 259, 10.1079/NRR200479

Gibson, 1995, Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics, Journal of Nutrition, 125, 1401, 10.1093/jn/125.6.1401

Gmeiner, 2000, Influence of a synbiotic mixture consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus 74-2 and a fructooligosaccharide preparation on the microbial ecology sustained in a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME reactor), Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 53, 219, 10.1007/s002530050011

Grajek, 2005, Probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidants as functional foods, Acta Biochimica Polonica, 52, 665, 10.18388/abp.2005_3428

Hammes, 2002, Research approaches for pre- and probiotics: Challenges and outlook, Food Research International, 35, 165, 10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00178-8

Hancock, 2000, Pathogenicity of Enterococci, 251

Hayakawa, 1990, Effects of soybean oligosaccharides on human faecal flora, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 3, 293, 10.3109/08910609009140252

Huebner, 2007, Functional activity of commercial prebiotics, International Dairy Journal, 17, 770, 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.10.006

Huebner, 2008, Effect of processing conditions on the prebiotics activity of commercial prebiotics, International Dairy Journal, 18, 287, 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.08.013

Jaskari, 1998, Oat beta-glucan and xylan hydrolyzates as selective substrates for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 49, 75, 10.1007/s002530051155

Kanauchi, 2003, Germinated barley foodstuff, a prebiotic product, ameliorates inflammation of colitis through modulation of the enteric environment, Journal of Gastroenterology, 38, 134, 10.1007/s005350300022

Kaneko, 1995, Digestibility characteristics of isomaltooligosaccharides in comparison with several saccharides using the rat jejunum loop method, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 59, 1190, 10.1271/bbb.59.1190

Kohmoto, 1991, Dose–response test of isomaltooligosaccharides for increasing fecal bifidobacteria, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 55, 2157, 10.1271/bbb1961.55.2157

L’Homme, 2003, Kinetics of hydrolysis of fructooligosaccharides in mineral-buffered aqueous solutions: Influence of Ph and temperature, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51, 224, 10.1021/jf0204699

Langlands, 2004, Prebiotic carbohydrates modify the mucosa associated microflora of the human large bowel, Gut, 53, 1610, 10.1136/gut.2003.037580

Losada, 2002, Towards a healthier diet for the colon: The influence of fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacilli on intestinal health, Nutrition Research, 22, 71, 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00395-5

Macfarlane, 1994, Metabolic activities of the normal colonic flora, 17

Macfarlane, 1997, Human colonic microbiota: Ecology, physiology and metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria, Scandinowian Journal of Gastroenterology, 32, S3, 10.1080/00365521.1997.11720708

Macfarlane, 2006, Review article: Prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24, 701, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03042.x

Manning, 2004, Prebiotics, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 18, 287, 10.1016/j.bpg.2003.10.008

Molis, 1996, Digestion, excretion, and energy value of fructooligosaccharides in healthy humans, American Journal of Clinic Nutrition, 64, 324, 10.1093/ajcn/64.3.324

Moshfegh, 1999, Presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of Americans, Journal of Nutrition, 129, S1407, 10.1093/jn/129.7.1407S

Murphy, 2001, Non-polyol low-digestible carbohydrates: Food applications and functional benefits, British Journal of Nutrition, 85, S47, 10.1079/BJN2000261

Mussatto, 2007, Non-digestible oligosaccharides: A review, Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 587, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.12.011

Nelson, 2001

O’Sullivan, 1996, Metabolism of bifidogenic factors by gut flora – An overview, Bulletin of International Dairy Foundation, 313, 23

Ohkusa, 1995, Long-term ingestion of lactosucrose increases Bifidobacterium sp. in human fecal flora, Digestion, 56, 415, 10.1159/000201269

Olano-Martin, 2000, In vitro fermentability of dextran, oligodextran and maltodextrin by human gut bacteria, British Journal of Nutrition, 83, 247, 10.1017/S0007114500000325

Playne, 1996, Commercially available oligosaccharides, Bulletin International Dairy Federation, 313, 10

Probert, 2002, Investigating the prebiotic and gas-generating effects of selected carbohydrates on the human colonic microflora, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 35, 473, 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01223.x

Rao, 2001, The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels, Nutrition Research, 21, 843, 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00284-6

Roberfroid, 2002, Functional foods: Concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose, British Journal of Nutrition, 87, S139, 10.1079/BJN/2002529

Roberfroid, 2005

Rousseau, 2005, Prebiotic effects of oligosaccharides on selected vaginal lactobacilli and pathogenic microorganisms, Anaerobe, 11, 145, 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.12.002

Saavedra, 2002, Human studies with probiotics and prebiotics: Clinical implications, British Journal of Nutrition, 87, S241, 10.1079/BJN/2002543

Salminen, 1998, Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function, British Journal of Nutrition, 80, S147, 10.1079/BJN19980108

Sartor, 2004, Therapeutic manipulation of the enteric microflora in inflammatory bowel diseases: Antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics, Gastroenterology, 126, 1620, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.024

Schaafsma, 2008, Lactose and lactose derivatives as bioactive ingredients in human nutrition, International Dairy Journal, 18, 458, 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.11.013

Sghir, 1998, Continuous culture selection of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli from human faecal samples using fructooligosaccharide as selective substrate, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 85, 769, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.00590.x

Steer, 2000, Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota in health and methods of study, Nutrition Research Review, 13, 229, 10.1079/095442200108729089

Szilagyi, 2002, Review article: Lactose a potential prebiotic, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 16, 1591, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01321.x

Teitelbaum, 2002, Nutritional impact of pre- and probiotics as protective gastrointestinal organisms, Annual Review Nutrition, 22, 107, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.110901.145412

Van Laere, 1999, Transglycosidase activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20083 alpha galactosidase, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 52, 681, 10.1007/s002530051579

Vandenplas, 2002, Oligosaccharides in infant formula, British Journal of Nutrition, 87, S293, 10.1079/BJN/2002551

Yamada, 1993, Structure and properties of oligosaccharides from wheat bran, Cereal Foods World, 38, 490

Zetterström, 1994, Early infant feeding and micro-ecology of the gut, Acta Paediatric Japonica, 36, 562, 10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03247.x

Ziegler, 2007, Term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics grow normally and have soft stools similar to those reported for breast-fed infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 44, 359, 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31802fca8c