Variations in College Women's Self-Reported Heterosexual Aggression
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this study was to provide an examination of differences in college women's self-reported heterosexual aggression between two samples. One sample of college women was drawn from three colleges in and around New York city (East; N = 212) and one was drawn from a midsized commuter university in Louisiana (South; N = 249). The respondents were questioned about their lifetime initiation of heterosexual activity. Approximately 28.5% of the women from the East reported engaging in sexually initiatory behaviors traditionally defined as sexual coercion, 21.1% in sexual abuse, and 7.1% in physically forced sex. The women in the sample from the South also reported engaging in sexual coercion (25.7%), sexual abuse (7.3%), and physically forced sex (1.6%), but at lower rates than the other sample. Chi-square tests demonstrated significant group differences for overall sexual aggression (the combination of coercion, abuse, and physical force), sexual abuse, and physically forced sex but not for sexual coercion. Theory building and differences between samples are discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Anderson, P. B. (1989). Adversarial sexual beliefs and past experience of sexual abuse of college females as predictors of their sexual aggression toward adolescent and adult males (doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 442A.
Anderson, P. B. (1993). Sexual victimization: It happens to boys too. Louisiana Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Journal, 57, 12.
Anderson, P. B. (1996). Correlates of college women's self-reports of heterosexual aggression. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 8, 121-132.
Anderson, P. B. (1998). Women's motives for sexual initiation and aggression. In P. B. Anderson & C. J. Struckman-Johnson (Eds.), When women want sex: Perspectives on women's sexual initiation and aggression. New York: Guilford Press (in press).
Anderson, P. B., & Struckman-Johnson, C. J., (1998). Introduction. In P. B. Anderson & C. J. Struckman-Johnson (Eds.), When women want sex: Perspectives on women's sexual initiation and aggression. New York: Guilford Press (in press).
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, Summer, 12-29.
Baldwin, J. D., & Baldwin, J. I. (1997). Gender differences in sexual interest. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26, 181-210.
Boles, J., & Atkinson, M. (1986). Ladies: South by Northwest. Sociological Spectrum, 6, 63-81.
Byers, E. S. (1996). How well does the traditional sexual script explain sexual coercion? Review of a program of research. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 8, 7-25.
Byers, E. S., & O'Sullivan, L. (1998). Similar but different: Men's and women's experiences of sexual coercion. In P. B. Anderson & C. J. Struckman-Johnson (Eds.), When women want sex: Perspectives on women's sexual initiation and aggression. New York: Guilford Press (in press).
Ellis, L. (1991). A synthesized (biosocial) theory of rape. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 631-642.
Ellis, L. (1998). Why some sexual assaults are not committed by men: A biosocial analysis. In P. B. Anderson & C. J. Struckman-Johnson (Eds.), When women want sex: Perspectives on women's sexual initiation and aggression. New York: Guilford Press (in press).
Finkelhor, D. (1979). Sexually victimized children. New York: Free Press.
Fritz, G., Stoll, K., & Wagner, N. (1981). A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 7, 54-58.
Gebhard, P. H., Gagnon, J. H., Pomeroy, W. B., & Christenson, C. V. (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York: Harper and Row.
Gwartney-Gibbs, P., Stockard, J., & Bohmer, S. (1987). Learning courtship aggression: The influence of parents, peers, and personal experience. Family Relations, 36, 276-282.
Hamburger, M. E., Hogben, M., McGowan, S., & Dawson, L. J. (1995). Assessing hypergender ideology: Development and initial validation of a gender neutral measure of adherence to extreme gender-role beliefs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, San Francisco, Nov.
Hogben, M., Byrne, D., & Hamburger, M. E. (1996). Coercive heterosexual sexuality in dating relationships of college students: Implications of differential male-female experiences. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 8, 69-78.
Irvine, J. (1995). Sexuality education across cultures: Working with differences. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lane, K., & Gwartney-Gibbs, P. (1985). Violence in the context of dating and sex. Journal of Family Issues, 6, 45-59.
Maybach, K. L., & Gold, S. R. (1994). Hyperfemininity and attraction to macho and non-macho men. Journal of Sex Research, 31, 91-98.
Middleton-Kern, S. (1986). Magnolias and microchips: Regional sub-cultural constructions of femininity. Sociological Spectrum, 6, 83-107.
Moore, M. M. (1995). Courtship signaling and adolescents: “Girls just wanna have fun”? Journal of Sex Research, 32, 319-328.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Cook, S. W. (1988). Men's self-reports of unwanted sexual activity. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 58-72.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Long, P. (1988). Men's versus women's reports of pressure to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse. Paper presented at the Western Region meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Dallas, TX, Mar.
Murphy, J. (1984). Date abuse and forced intercourse among college students. Paper presented at the Second National Conference for Family Violence Research, Durham, NH, Aug.
O'Sullivan, L., & Byers, E. S. (1993). Eroding stereotypes: College women's attempts to influence reluctant male sexual partners. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 270-282.
O'Sullivan, L., & Byers, E. S. (1996). Gender differences in responses to discrepancies in desired level of sexual intimacy. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 8, 49-67.
Poppen, P. J., & Segal, N. J. (1988). The influence of sex and sex role orientation on sexual coercion. Sex Roles, 19, 689-701.
Rice, T., & Coates, D. (1995). Gender role attitudes in the southern United States. Gender & Society, 9, 744-756.
Ray, A. L., & Gold, S. R. (1996). Gender roles, aggression, and alcohol use in dating relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 33, 47-55.
Sarrel, P., & Masters, W. (1982). Sexual molestation of men by women. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 11, 117-131.
Story, M. (1986). Factors affecting the incidence of partner abuse among university students, Unpublished manuscript. Waterloo: University of Northern Iowa.
Struckman-Johnson, C. J. (1988). Forced sex on dates: It happens to men too. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 234-241.
Struckman-Johnson, C. J., & Struckman-Johnson, D. L. (1994). Men pressured and forced into sexual experiences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 23, 93-114.
Struckman-Johnson, C. J., & Struckman-Johnson, D. L. (1998). The dynamics and impact of sexual coercion of men by women. In P. B. Anderson & C. J. Struckman-Johnson (Eds.), When women want sex: Perspectives on women's sexual initiation and aggression. New York: Guilford Press (in press).