The role of tropical dry forests for biodiversity, carbon and water conservation in the neotropics: lessons learned and opportunities for its sustainable management

Carlos Portillo‐Quintero1, Arturo Sánchez‐Azofeifa1, Julio Calvo–Alvarado2, Maurício Quesada3, Mário Marcos do Espírito Santo4
1Center for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
2Escuela de Ingenieria Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica
3Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIECO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
4Departamento de Biologia Geral/CCBS, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CP 126, Montes Claros, MG, CEP 39401-089, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

ACG (2013) Informe de Visitación 2012. Programa de Ecoturismo Area de Conservacion Guanacaste. http://www.acguanacaste.accr

Alvarez M, Aru R, Barrero M, González E, González Y, Sepúlveda G (2012) Estudio biogeoquímico del embalse Suata, Venezuela, de acuerdo al contenido metálico de sus sedimentos de fondo, aguas y peces. ACI: 3(1):103–114

Alvarez-Añorve M, Quesada M, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Avila-Cabadilla L, Gamon J (2012) Functional regeneration and spectral reflectance of trees during succession in a highly diverse tropical dry forest ecosystem. Am J Bot 99(5):816–826. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1100200

Anaya F, Barbosa R, Sampaio C (2006) Sociedade e biodiversidade na mata seca mineira. Unimontes Cientifica 8:35–41

Balvanera, P, Castillo A, Martínez-Harms J (2011) Ecosystem services in seasonally dry tropical forests. In: Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (eds), Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation, pp 259–278. Island Press, London, UK, 408 p. ISBN: 9781597267038

Bates BC, Kundzewicz ZW, Wu S, Palutikof JP (eds) (2008) Climate change and water. Technical Paper of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Geneva: IPCC Secretariat

Becknell JM, Kissing Kucek L, Powers JS (2012) Aboveground biomass in mature and secondary seasonally dry tropical forests: a literature review and global synthesis. For Ecol Manag 276:88–95. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.033

Brown S, Lugo A (1982) The storage and production of organic matter in tropical forests and their role in the global carbon cycle. Biotropica 14:161–187

Bye R (1995) Ethnobotany of the Mexican tropical dry forests. In: Bullock SH, Mooney HA, Medina E (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 423–433

Calvo-Alvarado J, Jiménez J, González E, Pizarro F, Jiménez A (2008) Estimación preliminar del caudal ambiental en el río Tempisque, Costa Rica: El enfoque hidrológico con pocos datos Kurú. Rev For (Costa Rica) 5(13):1–10

Calvo-Alvarado J, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Portillo-Quintero C (2013) Neotropical seasonally dry forests. In: Levin S (ed) Encyclopedia of biodiversity, 2nd edn. Academic Press, pp 488–500. ISBN: 9780123847195

Campo J, Maass JM, Jaramillo y VJ, Martínez-Yrízar A (2000) Calcium, potassium, and magnesium cycling in a Mexican tropical dry forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 49:21–36. doi: 10.1023/A:1006207319622

Campo J, Maass M, Jaramillo VJ, Martínez-Yrízar A, Sarukhán J (2001) Phosphorus cycling in a Mexican tropical dry forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 53:161–179. doi: 10.1023/A:1010663516029

Castellanos E, McClain M, Alvarez M, Brklacich M, Calvo-Alvarado J, Coutinho H, Jiménez-Osornio J, Schellenberg M (2008) Conservation to sustain ecological processes and services in landscapes of the Americas. In: Tiessen H, Stewart J (eds) Applying ecological knowledge to landuse decisions. (SCOPE) Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment IAI, the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, and IICA, the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, pp 23–33

Castillo A, Magaña A, Pujadas A, Martínez L, Godínez C (2005) Understanding the interaction of rural people with ecosystems: a case study in a tropical dry forest of Mexico. Ecosystems 8:630–643. doi: 10.1007/s10021-005-0127-1

Ceballos G (1995) Vertebrate diversity, ecology and conservation in neotropical dry forest. In: Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E (eds) Seasonally tropical forests. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, p 450

Cressa CE, Vásquez E, Zoppi J, Rincón J, López C (1993) Aspectos generales de la limnología en Venezuela. Interciencia 18:237–248

Das R, Lawrence D, D’Odorico P, DeLonge M (2011) Impact of land use change on atmospheric P inputs in a tropical dry forest. J Geophys Res 116:G01027. doi: 10.1029/2010JG001403

De la Barreda-Bautista B, López-Caloca A, Couturier S, Silván-Cárdenas JL (2010) Tropical dry forests in the global picture: the challenge of remote sensing-based change detection in tropical dry environments. In: Carayannis E (ed) Planet earth 2011: global warming challenges and opportunities for policy and practice, pp 231–256

Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (2011) Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation. Island Press, London, 408 p. ISBN: 9781597267038, pp 259–278

Dudley N (2008) Guidelines for applying protected area management categories IUCN/WCPA/Regional Council for the Environment of Junta de Andalucía/Fundacion Biodiversidad. http://www.dataiucnorg/dbtw-wpd/edocs/paps-016pdf

Ewel J (1977) Differences between wet and dry successional tropical ecosystems. Geo Eco Trop 1:103–117

Ewel J (1999) Natural systems as models for the design of sustainable systems of land use. Agrofor Syst 45:1–21

Fajardo L, González V, Nassar J, Lacabana P, Portillo C, Carrasquel F, Rodríguez JP (2005) Tropical dry forests of Venezuela: characterization and current conservation status. Biotropica 37(4):531–546. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00071.x

Farrick KK, Branfireun BA (2013) Left high and dry: a call to action for increased hydrological research in tropical dry forests. Hydrol Process. doi: 10.1002/hyp.9935

Farrick KK, Branfireun BA (2014) Infiltration and soil water dynamics in a tropical dry forest: it may be dry but definitely not arid. Hydrol Process. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10177

Frankie GW, Mata A, Vinson SB (2004) Biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica learning the lessons in a seasonal dry forest. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 48–66. ISBN: 9780520241039

García-Oliva F, Maass JM (1998) Efecto de la transformación de la selva a pradera sobre la dinámica de los nutrientes en un ecosistema tropical estacional en México. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 62:39–48

Gentry AH (1995) Diversity and floristic composition of neotropical dry forests. In: Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E (eds), Seasonally tropical forests. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, p 450

Geoghegan J, Lawrence D, Schneider L, Tully K (2010) Accounting for carbon in models of land use and implications for payments for environmental services: an application to SYPR. Reg Environ Change. doi: 10.1007/s10113-010-0111-y

Gillespie TW, Grijalva A, Farris CN (2000) Diversity, composition, and structure of tropical dry forests in Central America. Plant Ecol 147:37–47

Gillespie T, Lipkin B, Sullivan L, Benowitz D, Pau S, Keppel G (2012) The rarest and least protected forests in biodiversity hotspots. Biodivers Conserv. doi: 10.1007/s10531-012-0384-1

Gonzalez E (1980) Estudio preliminar de la vegetacion del bosque xerofilo de la region de Las Peonias (Estado Zulia, Venezuela). Bol Centro Invest Biol 14:83–99

Guzmán I, Calvo-Alvarado J (2012) Water resources of the Upper Tempisque river watershed, Costa Rica. Tecnología en Marcha 25(4):63–70

Hoekstra J, Boucher T, Ricketts T, Roberts C (2005) Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecol Lett 8:23–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00686.x

Holbrook M, Whitbeck J, Mooney H (1995) Drought responses of neotropical dry forest trees. In: Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E (eds) Seasonally tropical forests. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, p 450

Holdridge L (1967) Life zone ecology tropical science center. San Jose, Costa Rica, p 206

Hughes C, Pennington T, Antonelli A (2013) Neotropical plant evolution: assembling the big picture. Bot J Linn Soc 171(1):1–18. doi: 10.1111/boj.12006

IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M et al (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Jaffé R, Espino R, Benitez F, Gardinali PR (1995) Pollution chronology of Lake Valencia Venezuela. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 54:930–936

Janzen DH (1988) Tropical dry forests: the most endangered major tropical ecosystem. In: Wilson EO (ed) Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp 130–137

Jaramillo V, Martinez-Yrizar A, Sanford R (2011) Primary productivity and biogeochemistry of seasonally dry tropical forests, pp 18–36 In: Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation, pp 210–235. Island Press, London, UK, 408 p. ISBN: 9781597267038

Kennard D (2002) Secondary forest succession in a tropical dry forest: patterns of development across a 50-year chronosequence in lowland Bolivia. J Trop Ecol 18:53–66

Kiage LM, Walker ND (2008) Using NDVI from MODIS to monitor duckweed bloom in Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Water Resour Manag. doi: 10.1007/s11269-008-9318-9

Lawrence D (2005) Regional-scale variation in litter production and seasonality in the tropical dry forests of southern Mexico. Biotropica 37(4):561–570. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00073.x

Linares-Palomino R, Oliveira-Fiho A, Pennington T (2011) Neotropical seasonally dry forests: diversity, endemism, and biogeography of woody plants, pp 18–36 In: Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation, pp 210–235. Island Press, London, UK, 408 p. ISBN: 9781597267038

Lopez-Rojas H, Bonilla-Rivero A (2000) Anthropogenically induced fish diversity reduction in Lake Valencia Basin, Venezuela. Biodivers Conserv 9:757–765. doi: 10.1023/A:1008945813101

Lugo AV, Murphy PG (1986) Nutrient dynamics of a Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest. J Trop Ecol 2:55–72

Magrin G, Gay García C, Cruz Choque D, Giménez JC, Moreno AR, Nagy GJ, Nobrand C, Villamizar A (2007) Latin America/climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 581–615

Medina E (1995) Diversity of life forms plants in neotropical dry forest. In: Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E (eds) Seasonally tropical forests. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, p 450

Meir P, Pennington RT (2011) Climate change and seasonal dry tropical forests In: Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation. Island Press, London, pp 294–315. ISBN: 9781597267038

Miles L, Newton A, DeFries R, Ravilious C, May I, Blyth S, Kapos V, Gordon J (2006) A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. J Biogeogr 33:491–505. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01424.x

Montenegro A, Ragab R (2010) Hydrological response of a Brazilian semi-arid catchment to different land use and climate change scenarios: a modelling study. Hydrol Process 24:2705–2723. doi: 10.1002/hyp.7825

Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E, (1995) Introduction. In: Mooney HA, Bullock SH, Medina E (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 450

Murphy PG, Lugo AE (1986) Ecology of tropical dry forest. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 17:67–88

Pennington RT, Lavin M, Prado DE, Pendry CA, Pell S, Butterworth CA (2004) Historical climate change and speciation: neotropical seasonally dry forest plants show patterns of both tertiary and quaternary diversification. Philos Trans R Soc Biol Sci 359:515–538. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1435

Pennington T, Lewis G, Ratter J (2006) A overview of the plant diversity, biogeography and conservation of neotropical savannas and seasonally dry forests: plant diversity, biogeography and conservation. In: Pennington T, Lewis G, Ratter J (eds) Neotropical savannas and seasonally dry forests: plant diversity, biogeography and conservation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p 484. ISBN: 9780849329876

Portillo-Quintero C and Sanchez-Azofeifa GA (2010) Extent and conservation of tropical dry forests in the Americas. Biol Conserv 143(1):144–155. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.020

Portillo-Quintero C, Larreal J, Gonzalez I, Sanchez A, Valbuena C (2012) Forest cover and deforestation patterns in the Northern Andes (Lake Maracaibo Basin): a synoptic assessment using MODIS and Landsat imagery. Appl Geogr 35:152–163. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.06.015

Powers JS, Becknell JM, Irving J, Pérez-Aviles D (2009) Diversity and structure of regenerating tropical dry forests in Costa Rica: geographic patterns and environmental drivers. For Ecol Manag 285(6):959–970. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.036

Prado DE, Gibbs PE (1993) Patterns of species distributions in the dry seasonal forests of South America. Ann Mo Bot Garden 80:902–927

Quesada M, Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Alvarez-Anorve M, Stoner K, Avila-Cabadilla L, Calvo-Alvarado J, Castillo A, Espiritu-Santo M, Fagundes M, Fernandes G, Gamon J, Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Lawrence D, Morellato P, Powers J, Neves F, Rosas-Guerrero V, Sayago R, Sanchez-Montoya G (2009) Succession and management of tropical dry forests in the Americas: review and new perspectives. For Ecol Manag 258:1014–1024. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.023

Read L, Lawrence D (2003) Recovery of biomass following shifting cultivation in dry tropical forests of the Yucatan. Ecol Appl 13:85–97. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0085:ROBFSC]2.0.CO;2

Rivas Z, Sanchez J, Troncone F, Marquez R, Ledo De Medina H, Colina M (2005) Nitrógeno y fósforo totales de los ríos tributarios al sistema lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Interciencia 34(5):308–314

Rodríguez JP, Nassar J, Rodríguez-Clark K, Zager I, Portillo-Quintero CA, Carrasquel F, Zambrano S (2008) Tropical dry forests in Venezuela: assessing status, threats and future prospects. Environ Conserv 35:311–318. doi: 10.1017/S0376892908005237

Saatchi SS, Harris NL, Brown S, Lefsky M, Mitchard ETA, Salas W, Zutta BR, Buermann W, Lewis SL, Hagen S, Petrova S, White L, Silman M, Morel A (2011) Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:9899–9904. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019576108

Salazar-Lugo R (2009) Current state of knowledge of the concentrations of cadmium, mercury and lead from aquatic organisms of Venezuela. REDVET Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria 10(11). www.veterinariaorg/revistas/redvet

Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Portillo-Quintero C, Wilson-Fernandes G, Stoner K, Shimizu T (2013) The policy process for land use/cover change and forest degradation in the semi-arid Latin American/Caribbean region: perspectives and opportunities. A literature review prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank. http://www.tropi-dryeasualbertaca/pdf/Papers/IDB-2011-White_paper.pdf

Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Powers J, Fernandes GW, Quesada M (2014) Tropical dry forests in the Americas: ecology, conservation and management. CRC Press, USA, p 538. ISBN: 9781466512009

Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Kalacska M, Quesada M, Calvo-Alvarado J, Nassar J, Rodriguez J (2005) Need for integrated research for a sustainable future in tropical dry forests Conserv Biol 19(2):1–2. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.s01_1.x

Santos JC, Leal IR, Almeida-Cortez JS, Fernandes GW, Tabarelli M (2011) Caatinga: the scientific negligence experienced by a dry tropical forest. Trop Conserv Sci 4(3):276–286

Sarkinen TE, Marcelo-Pena JL, Yomona AD, Simon MF, Pennington T, Hughes CE (2011) Underestimated endemic species diversity in the dry inter-Andean valley of the Río Marañón, northern Peru: an example from Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Taxon 60(1):139–150

Scharlemann JPW, Kapos V, Campbell A, Lysenko I, Burgess ND, Hansen M, Gibbs H, Dickson B, Miles L (2010) Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD. Oryx 44:352–357. doi: 10.1017/S0030605310000542

SECTUR (2004) Acuerdan impulsar el ecoturismo y el turismo rural. Boletines de Prensa 109/04 SECTUR Mexico, DF. http://www.sectur.gob.mx

Stern M, Quesada M, Stoner KE (2002) Changes in composition and structure of a tropical dry forest following intermittent cattle grazing. Rev Biol Trop 50:1021–1034

Stoner K, Timm R (2004) Tropical dry forest mammals of Palo Verde: ecology and conservation of a changing landscape. In: Frankie GW, Mata A, Vinson SB (eds) Biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica learning the lessons in a seasonal dry forest. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 48–66. ISBN: 9780520241039

Stoner K, Timm R (2011) Seasonally dry tropical forest mammals: adaptations and seasonal patterns. In: Dirzo R, Young H, Mooney H, Ceballos G (eds) Seasonally dry tropical forests: ecology and conservation, pp 100–121. Island Press, London, 408 p. ISBN: 9781597267038

Trejo I, Dirzo R (2000) Deforestation of seasonally dry tropical forest: a national and local analysis in Mexico. Biol Conserv 94:133–142. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00188-3

UN-WTO (2012) Panorama OMT del Turismo International Organizacion Mundial del Turismo. http://www.unwto.org

UN-WTO (2013) Press release: International tourism to continue robust growth in 2013. http://media.unwto.org

Vera A, Martínez M, Ayala Y, Montes S, González A (2009) Florística y fisonomía de un matorral xerófilo espinoso intervenido en Punta de Piedras, Municipio Miranda, Estado Zulia, Venezuela. Rev Biol Trop 57(1–2):271–281

Vose JM, Maass JM (1999) A comparative analysis of hydrologic responses of tropical deciduous and temperate deciduous watershed ecosystems to climatic change. In: Aguirre-Bravo C, Franco CR (eds) North American science symposium: toward a unified framework for inventorying and monitoring forest ecosystem resources; 1998 November 2–6; Guadalajara, Mexico. Proceedings RMRS-P-12. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, pp 292–298