The development of gender differences in affective expression and in the relationship between mood and achievement-related self-judgments
Tóm tắt
In this study, 434 children and adolescents completed the Control-,Agency-, and Means-ends beliefs Interview (CAMI). Moreover, we asked for current mood-state and achievement-related affect after success and failure at school. There was no gender difference in achievement-related affective expression in children (9 and 10 years old), but there was a substantial difference in adolescents (15 and 16 years old), boys reporting less affect than girls. A different pattern emerged for the impact of affect on achievement-related beliefs. Again, children did not show any gender difference. In adolescents, however, boys' current mood-state was related to agency beliefs to a higher extent than girls' current mood state. Thus, boys, in comparison to girls, may develop inhibition of affective expression, but over the same span, they continue to base agency beliefs on their current mood-state whereas girls do not. Dans cette enquête, 434 enfants et adolescents ont complété la “Control-, Agency-, and Means-ends beliefs Interview” (CAMI). En plus, les élèves ont répondu des questions sur l'humeur momentanée et sur des émotions en relation avec la performance après un succès ou après un échec à l'école. Il n'y avait pas de différence entre les garçons et les filles concernant les émotions en relation avec la performance en enfance (age de 9 et 10 ans), mais il y avait une différence substantielle en adolescence (age de 15 et 16 ans); les garçons rapportaient moins d'affectivité que les filles. Nous avons obtenu des résultats différents pour l'influence de l'humeur sur des jugements concernant la performance en école dans la CAMI: Il n'y avait pas de différence entre les garçons et les filles pour les enfants, mais il y existait une correlation plus haute entre l'humeur et des jugements d'agence chez les garçons que chez les filles. Des garçons — en comparaison avec des filles — probablement développent une inhibition de l'expression de l'émotion, mais pour faire des jugements d'agence, ils continuent à relier sur l'humeur momentanée.
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