An investigation of the relationship between teachers’ expectations and teachers’ perceptions of student attributes
Tóm tắt
Little is known about factors other than students’ abilities and background variables that shape teachers’ achievement expectations. This study was aimed at investigating the role of teachers’ perceptions of students attributes (working habits, popularity, self-confidence, student–teacher relationships, and classroom behavior) in shaping teachers’ expectations. The sample analyzed consisted of 5316 students and 469 classes in grade 6 in Dutch primary education. Teachers had higher expectations for students who they perceived as self-confident and having positive work habits. Differences in expectations between boys and girls could partly be explained by the teachers’ perceptions of students’ work habits. Teachers differed in the extent to which they let their perceptions of student attributes shape their expectations.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Alvridez, J., & Weinstein, R. S. (1999). Early teacher perceptions and later student academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 731–746. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.731.
Bennet, R. A., Gottesman, R. L., Rock, D. A., & Cerullo, F. (1993). Influence of behavior perceptions on teachers’ judgments of students’ academic skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 347–356. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.85.2.347.
Bonvin, P., & Genoud, P. A. (2006). Teacher perceptions of student characteristics: “Halo effects” between behavioural and social perceptions, and expectations for academic achievement. Paper presented at European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), Geneva, September 2006.
Brophy, J. E., & Good, T. L. (1970). Teachers’ communication of differential expectations for children’s classroom performance: Some behavioral data. Journal of Educational Psychology, 61, 365–374.
Brophy, J. E., & Good, T. L. (1974). Teacher-student relationships: Causes and consequences. NewYork: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Claassen, A., & Mulder, L. (2003). Leerlingen na de overstap. Een vergelijking van vier cohorten leerlingen na de overgang van basisonderwijs naar voortgezet onderwijs met nadruk op de positie van doelgroepleerlingen in het onderwijsachterstanden beleid. [Students after the transition. A comparison of four student cohorts after the transition from primary to secondary education with a specific focus on the position of at risk students]. Nijmegen: ITS, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.
Cooper, H., Findley, M., & Good, T. (1982). Relations between student achievement and various indexes of teacher expectations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 570–577. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.74.4.577.
de Boer, H., Bosker, R. J., & van der Werf, M. P. C. (2010). Sustainability of teacher expectation bias effects on long-term student performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 168–179. doi:10.1037/a0017289.
Driessen, G. (2005). De totstandkoming van de adviezen voortgezet onderwijs: invloeden van thuis en school. [The realization of track recommendations; influences from home and school]. Pedagogiek, 25, 279–298.
Driessen, G. (2006). Het advies voortgezet onderwijs: Is de overadvisering over? [Track recommendations for secondary education: The end of low track recommendations?]. Mens en Maatschappij, 81, 1.
Driessen, G. (2011). Onderadvisering van allochtone leerlingen? [Low track recommendations for minority students?]. Nijmegen: ITS, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.
Driessen, G., Langen, A. van, & Vierke, H. (2006). Basisonderwijs: Veldwerkverslag, leerlinggegevens en oudervragenlijsten. Basisrapportage PRIMA-cohortonderzoek. Zesde meting 2004/05. [Primary education: Data collection report for student data and parent questionnaires. Report PRIMA cohort study, sixth wave 2004/2005]. Nijmegen: ITS.
Ferguson, R. F. (1998). Teachers’ perceptions and expectations and the black–white test score gap. In C. Jencks & M. Philips (Eds.), The black–white test score gap (pp. 273–317). Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
Ferguson, R. F. (2003). Teachers’ perceptions and expectations and the black-white test score gap. Urban Education, 38, 460–507. doi:10.1177/0042085903254970.
Glock, S., & Krolak-Schwerdt, S. (2013). Does nationality matter? The impact of stereotypical expectations of student teachers’ judgments. Social Psychology of Education, 16, 111–127.
Good, T. L. (1987). Two decades of research on teacher expectations: Findings and future directions. Journal of Teacher Education, 38, 32–47. doi:10.1177/002248718703800406.
Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2006). Student–teacher relationships. In G. Bear & K. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and intervention (pp. 59–71). Washington: National Association of School Psychologists.
Hecht, S. A., & Greenfield, D. B. (2002). Explaining the predictive accuracy of teacher judgments of their students’ reading achievement: The role of gender, classroom behavior, and emergent literacy skills in a longitudinal sample of children exposed to poverty. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 15, 789–809. doi:10.1023/A:1020985701556.
Helwig, R., Anderson, L., & Tindal, G. (2001). Influence of elementary student gender on teachers’ perceptions of mathematics achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 95, 93–102. doi:10.1080/00220670109596577.
Hinnant, J. B., O’Brien, M., & Ghazarian, S. R. (2009). The longitudinal relations of teacher expectations to achievement in the early school years. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 662–670. doi:10.1037/a0014306.
Hoge, R. B. (1984). The definition and measurement of teacher expectations: Problems and prospects. Canadian Journal of Education, 9, 213–228. doi:10.2307/1494604.
Hughes, J. N., Gleason, K. A., & Zhang, D. (2005). Relationship influences on teachers’ perceptions of academic competence in academically at-risk minority and majority first grade students. Journal of School Psychology, 43, 303–320.
Inspectorate of Education (2007). Teacher recommendations in the picture. [Onderadvisering in beeld]. Utrecht: Inspectorate of Education.
Inspectorate of Education (2014). De staat van het onderwijs. Onderwijsverslag 2012/2013. [The state of education in the Netherlands. Report 2012/2013]. Utrecht: Inspectie van het Onderwijs.
Jussim, L., Eccles, J., & Madon, S. (1996). Social perception, social stereotypes, and teacher expectations: Accuracy and the quest for the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 28, pp. 281–388). San Diego, New York: Academic Press.
Jussim, L., & Harber, K. D. (2005). Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies: Knowns and unknowns, resolved and unresolved controversies. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 131–155.
Kelly, S., & Carbonaro, W. (2012). Curriculum tracking and teacher expectations: Evidence form discrepant course taking models. Social Psychology of Education, 15, 271–294. doi:10.1007/s11218-012-9182-6.
Lane, K. L., Wehby, J. H., & Cooley, C. (2006). Teacher expectations of students’ classroom behavior across the grade span: Which social skills are necessary for success? Exceptional Children, 72, 153–167.
LaVoie, J. C., & Adams, G. R. (1973). Pygmalion in the classroom: An experimental investigation of the characteristics of children in teacher expectancy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Psychological Association. Chicago, Illinois, may 1973
MacLure, M., Jones, L., Holmes, R., & MacReau, C. (2012). Becoming a problem: Behaviour and reputation in the early years classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 38, 447–471. doi:10.1080/01411926.2011.552709.
Madon, S., Willard, J., Guyll, M., & Scherr, K. C. (2011). Self-fulfilling prophecies: Mechanisms, power and links to social problems. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5, 578–590. doi:10.111/j.1751-9004.2001.00375.x.
McKnown, C., & Weinstein, R. S. (2008). Teacher expectations, classroom context, and the achievement gap. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 235–261. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.05.001.
Merton, R. K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8, 193–210.
Ministry of Education. (2014). Key-figures 2009–2013: Education, culture, science. DenHaag: Ministry of Education.
Rasbash, J., Charlton, C., Browne, W. J., Healy, M., & Cameron, B. (2009). MLwiN version 2.1. Bristol: Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol.
Ready, D. D., & Wright, D. L. (2011). Accuracy and inaccuracy in teachers’ perceptions ofyoung children’s cognitive abilities the role of child background and classroom context. American Educational Research Journal, 48, 335–360. doi:10.3102/0002831210374874.
Reyna, C. (2000). Lazy, dump, or industrious: When stereotypes convey attribution information in the classroom. Educational Psychology Review, 12, 85–110.
Riley, T. (2014). Boys are like puppies, girls aim to please: How teachers’ gender stereotypes may influence student placement decisions and classroom teaching. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 60(1), 1–21.
Riley, T., & Ungerleider, C. (2012). Self-fulfilling prophecy: How teachers’ attributions, expectations, and stereotypes influence the learning opportunities afforded Aboriginal students. Canadian Journal of Education, 35, 303–333.
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobsen, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom: Teacher expectations and pupil’s intellectual development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2007). Classroom interactions: Exploring practices of high- and low-expectation teachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 289–306. doi:10.1348/000709906X101601.
Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2008). Teacher expectations. In T. Good (Ed.), 21st century education: A reference handbook (pp. I-254–I-265). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. doi:10.4135/9781412964012.n27.
Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2010). Teacher expectations and perceptions of student attributes: Is there a relationship? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 121–135. doi:10.1348/000709909X466334.
Rubie-Davies, C. M., Hattie, J., & Hamilton, R. (2006). Expecting the best for students: Teacher expectations and academic outcomes. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 429–444. doi:10.1348/000709905X53589.
Siegle, D., & Reis, S. M. (1994). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of student ability and effort. The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 6, 86–92.
Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling (2nd ed.). London/Thousand Oaks/New Delhi: Sage Publications Ltd.
Sorhagen, N. S. (2013). Early teacher expectations disproportionately affects poor children’s high school performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 465–477. doi:10.1037/a0031754.
Speybroeck, S., Kuppens, S., van Damme, J., van Petegem, P., Lamote, C., Boonen, T., & de Bilde, J. (2012). The role of teachers’ expectations in the association between children’s SES and performance in Kindergarten: A moderated mediation analysis. PLoS ONE, 7, e34502. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034502.
Tenenbaum, H. R., & Ruck, M. D. (2007). Are teachers’ expectations different for racial minority than for European American students? A meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 689–705. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.253.
Timmermans, A. C., Kuyper, H., & Van der Werf, M. P. C. (2013). Schooladviezen en onderwijsloopbanen: Voorkomen, risicofactoren en gevolgen van onder- en overadvisering. [Track recommendations and educational careers; Prevalence, risk-factors and consequences of high and low track recommendations]. Groningen: GION.
Timmermans, A. C., Kuyper, H., & Van der Werf, M. P. C. (2015). Accurate, inaccurate or biased teacher expectations: Do Dutch teachers differ in their expectations at the end of primary education? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 459–478. doi:10.1111/bjep.12087.
van den Bergh, L., Denessen, E., Hornstra, L., Voeten, M., & Holland, R. W. (2010). The implicit prejudiced attitudes of teachers: Relations to teacher expectations and the ethnic achievement gap. American Educational Research Journal, 47, 497–527. doi:10.3102/0002831209353594.
