The Genome of the Kinetoplastid Parasite, <i>Leishmania major</i>

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 309 Số 5733 - Trang 436-442 - 2005
Alasdair Ivens1,2,3,4,5, Christopher S. Peacock1,2,3,4,5, Elizabeth A. Worthey1,2,3,4,5, Lee Murphy1,2,3,4,5, Gautam Aggarwal1,2,3,4,5, Matthew Berriman1,2,3,4,5, Ellen Sisk1,2,3,4,5, Marie‐Adèle Rajandream1,2,3,4,5, Ellen Schofield1,2,3,4,5, Rita Aert1,2,3,4,5, Atashi Anupama1,2,3,4,5, Zina Apostolou1,2,3,4,5, Philip Attipoe1,2,3,4,5, Nathalie Bason1,2,3,4,5, Christopher Bauser1,3,4,5, Alfred Beck1,2,3,4,5, Stephen M. Beverley1,2,3,4,5, Gabriella Bianchettin1,2,3,4,5, Katja Borzym1,2,3,4,5, Gordana Bothe1,3,4,5, Carlo V. Bruschi1,2,3,4,5, Matt Collins1,2,3,4,5, Eithon Cadag1,2,3,4,5, Laura Ciarloni1,2,3,4,5, Christine Clayton1,2,3,4,5, Richard Coulson1,2,3,4,5, Ann Cronin1,2,3,4,5, Ângela K. Cruz1,2,3,4,5, Robert M. Davies1,2,3,4,5, Javier De Gaudenzi1,2,6,3,5, Deborah E. Dobson1,2,3,4,5, Andreas Duesterhoeft1,2,3,4,5, Gholam Fazelina1,2,3,4,5, Nigel Fosker1,2,3,4,5, Alberto C.C. Frasch1,2,6,3,5, Arnaud Kerhornou1,2,3,4,5, Monika Fuchs1,2,3,4,5, Claudia Gabel1,2,3,4,5, Arlette Goble1,2,3,4,5, André Goffeau1,2,3,4,5, David Harris1,2,3,4,5, Christiane Hertz‐Fowler1,2,3,4,5, H. Hilbert1,2,3,4,5, David Horn1,2,3,4,5, Yi‐Ting Huang1,2,3,4,5, Sven Klages1,2,3,4,5, Andrew Knights1,2,3,4,5, Michael Kube1,2,3,4,5, Natasha Larke1,2,3,4,5, Lyudmila Litvin1,2,3,4,5, Angela Inglis1,2,3,4,5, Tin Louie1,2,3,4,5, Marco A. Marra1,2,7,3,4, David Masuy1,2,3,4,5, Keith R. Matthews1,2,8,3,4, Shulamit Michaeli9,1,2,3,4,5, Jeremy C. Mottram1,2,3,4,10, Silke Müller-Auer1,2,3,4,5, Heather Munden1,2,3,4,5, Siri Nelson1,2,3,4,5, Halina Norbertczak1,2,3,4,5, Karen Oliver1,2,3,4,5, Susan O'Neil1,2,3,4,5, Martin Pentony1,2,3,4,5, Thomas Pohl1,3,4,5, Claire Price1,2,3,4,5, Bénédicte Purnelle1,2,3,4,5, Michael A. Quail1,2,3,4,5, Ester Rabbinowitsch1,2,3,4,5, Richard Reinhardt1,2,3,4,5, Michael A. Rieger1,2,3,4,5, Joel Rinta1,2,3,4,5, Johan Robben1,2,3,4,5, Laura Robertson1,2,3,4,5, Jerônimo Conceição Ruiz1,2,3,4,5, Simon Rutter1,2,3,4,5, David Saunders1,2,3,4,5, Melanie Schäfer1,2,3,4,5, Jacquie Schein1,2,7,3,4, David C. Schwartz1,2,3,11,5, Kathy Seeger1,2,3,4,5, Amber Seyler1,2,3,4,5, Sarah Sharp1,2,3,4,5, Hyun-Sang Shin1,2,7,3,4, Dhileep Sivam1,2,3,4,5, Rob Squares1,2,3,4,5, Steve Squares1,2,3,4,5, Valentina Tosato1,2,3,4,5, Christy Vogt1,2,3,4,5, Guido Volckaert1,2,3,4,5, R. Wambutt1,2,3,4,5, Tim Warren1,2,3,4,5, H. W. Wedler1,2,3,4,5, John R. Woodward1,2,3,4,5, Shiguo Zhou1,2,3,11,5, Wolfgang Zimmermann1,2,3,4,5, Jenefer M. Blackwell12,1,2,3,4, Kenneth Stuart1,2,3,4,5, Bart Barrell1,2,3,4,5, Peter J. Myler13,1,2,3,4,5
1GATC Biotech AG, Jakob-Stadler-Platz 7, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
2Genotype GmbH, Angelhofweg 39, D-69259 Wilhelmsfeld, Germany
3Laboratory of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
4Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109–2591, USA.
5Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
6Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas (IIB-INTECH), University of San Martin and National Research Council (CONICET), Av. Gral Paz 5445, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
7Genome Sequence Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z-4E6, Canada.
8Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
9Faculty of Life Sciences, BarIlan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
10Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 56 Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NU, UK
11UW Biotechnology Center, Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
12Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK
13Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Tóm tắt

Leishmania species cause a spectrum of human diseases in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We have sequenced the 36 chromosomes of the 32.8-megabase haploid genome of Leishmania major (Friedlin strain) and predict 911 RNA genes, 39 pseudogenes, and 8272 protein-coding genes, of which 36% can be ascribed a putative function. These include genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, such as proteolytic enzymes, and extensive machinery for synthesis of complex surface glycoconjugates. The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the L. major, Trypanosoma brucei , and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tritryp) genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase II–directed transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling. Abundant RNA-binding proteins are encoded in the Tritryp genomes, consistent with active posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.

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Tài liệu tham khảo

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We thank our colleagues in the Leishmania Genome Network (LGN) for their support and encouragement. We thank the other members of the Tritryp Sequencing Consortium for their help with comparative genome annotation; special thanks to J. Donelson and S. Melville who together have played a key driving role in the coordination discussion and collation of these manuscripts. Funding for this project was provided by grants from WHO TDR (T23/181/1 ID:940509) Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF) (APP#0500) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (RO1 AI040599) to SBRI; Wellcome Trust (WT) (054394/Z/98/Z 060491/Z/00/Z and 063272/Z/00/Z) to the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; the European Union (BIO4-CT98-0079) to the EULEISH consortium; NIAID (RO1 AI060645) to A.C.F.; and a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo fellowship (01/13461-9) to J.C.R. WHO TDR WT and NIAID also provided funds for several LGN meetings. Accession numbers: EMBL: CT005244 to CT005272 AL389894 and AL139794; GenBank: CP000078 to CP000081 AE001274 and NC_004916. All data are available in GeneDB (http://www.genedb.org).

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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Tập 309 Số 5733

436-442

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