Predictive models and spatial variations of vital capacity in healthy people from 6 to 84 years old in China based on geographical factors

Jinwei He1, Miao Ge1, Congxia Wang2, Naigui Jiang1, Mingxin Zhang1, Pujun Yun1
1Institute of Healthy Geography, College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
2Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

Tóm tắt

The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basic for a unified standard of the reference value of vital capacity (VC) of healthy subjects from 6 and 84 years old in China. The normal reference value of VC was correlated to seven geographical factors, including altitude (X 1), annual duration of sunshine (X 2), annual mean air temperature (X 3), annual mean relative humidity (X 4), annual precipitation amount (X 5), annual air temperature range (X 6) and annual mean wind speed (X 7). Predictive models were established by five different linear and nonlinear methods. The best models were selected by t-test. The geographical distribution map of VC in different age groups can be interpolated by Kriging’s method using ArcGIS software. It was found that the correlation of VC and geographical factors in China was quite significant, especially for both males and females aged from 6 to 45. The best models were built for different age groups. The geographical distribution map shows the spatial variations of VC in China precisely. The VC of healthy subjects can be simulated by the best model or acquired from the geographical distribution map provided the geographical factors for that city or county of China are known.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

American Thoracic Society (1995) Standardization of spirometry (1994 update). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1107–1136

Baltopoulos G, Fildisis G, Karatzas S, Georgiakodis F, Myrianthefs P (2000) Reference values and prediction equations for FVC and FEV1 in the greek elderly. Lung 178:201–212

Boskabady MH, Tashakory A, Mazloom R, Ghamami G (2004) Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8–18 years. Respirology 9(4):535–542

Chen GY, Wu XZ, Wang YC (2002) Discussion on the normal reference value of vital capacity. Second Med Educ 5:23

Dang AR, Jia HF, Yi SZ (2003) Guide for Geographic information system application in ArcGIS 8 Desktop. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, pp 79–301

European Community for Coal and Steel (1983) Standardization of lung function tests. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 19(Suppl):1–93

Facchini F, Fiori G, Bedogni G, Galletti L, Ismagulov O, Ismagulova A, Sharmanov T, Tsoy I, Belcastro MG, Rizzoli S, Goldoni M (2007) Spirometric reference values for children and adolescents from Kazakhstan. Ann Human Biol 34(5):519–534

Feng K, Chen L, Han SM, Zhu GJ (2011) Spirometric standards for healthy children and adolescents of Korean Chinese in Northeast China. J Kor Med Sci 26:1469–1473

Fiori G, Facchini F, Ismagulov O, Ismagulova A, Tarazona-Santos E, Pettener D (2000) Lung volume chest size and hematological variation in low- medium- and high-altitude central Asian populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 113:47–59

Garcia RF, Dorgham A, Pino JM, Villasante C, Garcia QC, Alvarez SR (2009) Lung volume reference values for women and men 65 to 85 years of age. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180(11):1083–1091

Golshan M, Nematbakhsh M, Amra B, Crapo RO (2003) Spirometric reference values in a large Middle Eastern population. Eur Respir J 22:529–534

Gulshan S, James G (2006) Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology. Clin Interv Aging 1(3):253–260

Hankinson JL, Odencrantz JR, Fedan KB (1999) Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:179–187

He XL (2005) Research on multivariate linear model and ridge regression. Dissertation, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, pp 16–35

Institue of Chinese Students’ Physique and Health Analysis (2002) Chinese students’ physique and health investigation and analysis in 2000. High Education, Beijing, pp 389–404

Institue of Chinese Students’ Physique and Health Analysis (2007) Chinese students’ physique and health investigation and analysis in 2005. High Education, Beijing, pp 357–372

Johns DP, Reid DW (2004) Influence of high altitude on lung development and function the lung: development aging and the environment. Academic, London, pp 267–275

Kaditis AG, Gourgoulianis K, Tsoutsou P, Papaioannou AI, Fotiadou A, Messini C, Samaras K, Piperi M, Gissaki D, Zintzaras E, Molyvdas AP (2008) Spirometric values in Gypsy (Roma) children. Respir Med 102:1321–1328

Kuster SP, Kuster D, Schindler C, Rochat MK, Braun J, Held L, Brändli O (2008) Reference equations for lung function screening of healthy never-smoking adults aged 18–80 years. Eur Respir J 31:860–868

Lang JL, Fan YS (1993) Pulmonary function and cardiac function index of native populations in different altitude. Chin J Sports Med 44:113–114

Li YY, Zhu ZX, Wang LC, Ning H (1995) Investigation on pulmonary function and arterlal blood gas analysis of healthy adults at high altitude. J Prev Med Chin People’s Liberation Army 60:265–268

Liu J, Jiang WM, Yang KD (2001) The analyses of normal value of lung function in Mengzi area. Med Pharm Yunnan 22(6):476–477

Milivojevic PL, Wells AU, Moody A, Fergusson W, Tukuitonga C, Kolbe J (2001) Spirometric lung volumes in the adult Pacific Islander population: comparison with predicted values in a European population. Respirology 6(3):247–253

Moore LG, Niermeye S, Zamudio S (1998) Human adaptation to high altitude: regional and life-cycle perspectives. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl:25–64

Mu KJ, Liu SW (1990) Nationwide normal values of lung function. PUMC & Beijing Medical University Publication, Beijing, pp 49–56

Ostrowski S, Grzywa CA, Mieczkowska J, Rychlik M, Lachowska KP, Lopatyński J (2005) Pulmonary function between 40 and 80 years of age. J Physiol Pharmacol 56:127–133

Pistelli F, Bottai M, Viegi G, Di PF, Carrozzi L, Baldacci S, Pedreschi M, Giuntini C (2000) Smooth reference equations for slow vital capacity and flow-volume curve indexes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:899–905

Rawas OA, Baddar S, Maniri AA, Balaji J, Jayakrishnan B, Riyami BM (2009) Normal spirometric reference values for Omani adults. Lung 187:245–251

Ren ZH, Ma XM (2004) Lung capacity and physical indicators of students in the high altitude area. J Qinghai Univ (Science edition) 22(2):100–102

Rogelio PP, Justino RP, Margarita R, Minerva C, Laura M, Rosalba R, Rocio C, Jaime V, Victor T, Victor BA, Gustavo O (2003) Spirometric function in children of Mexico City compared to Mexican-American children. Pediatr Pulmonol 35:177–183

Shen BH, Wang LD, Liang GP (2002) Testing and analyzing the lung capacity of youths and children. Hubei Sports Sci 21(1):16–18

Smolej NN, Pavlović M, Zuskin E, Milicić J, Skarić JT, Barbalić M, Rudan P (2009) New reference equations for forced spirometry in elderly persons. Respir Med 103:621–628

Su MY, Gu HP, Yang Z (1992) Characteristics of lung function of highland immigrants in in-land after retirement. J High Altitude Med 5:47–49

Tan WC, Bourbeau J, Hernandez P, Chapman K, Cowie R, FitzGerald MJ, Aaron S et al (2011) Canadian prediction equations of spirometric lung function for Caucasian adults 20 to 90 years of age: results from the Canadian Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) study and the Lung Health Canadian Environment (LHCE) study. Can Respir J 18:321–326

Tang GA, Yang X (2006) Geographic information system spatial analysis course based on ArcGIS. Science Press, Beijing, pp 50–203

Trabelsi Y, Paries J, Harrabi I, Zbidi A, Tabka Z, Richalet JP, Buvry A (2008) Factors affecting the development of lung function in Tunisian children. Am J Hum Biol 20:716–725

Wang FB, Tang KX, Ding HL (2000a) A study on pulmonary volume in the 600 students. J Weifang Med Coll 22(3):186–187

Wang T, Fan Y, Peng BZ, Wu F (2000b) Effect of lung function in plateau environment. Chin J Pest Control 79:381–383

Wu Y, Zhang Z, Gang B, Love EJ (2009) Predictive equations for lung function based on a large occupational population in North China. J Occup Heal 51(6):471–477

Yan CN, Yan JH, Song JL (1991) The dictionary of cities and counties in China. Chinese Central Communist Party School Press, Beijing, pp 1–1446

Yan H, Shen GQ, Mao YS (2002) Climatological atlas of the people’s republic of China. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, pp 1–250

Zhang XZ, Fan YX (1990) Pulmonary ventilation function tests in Karakoram Mountain with different altitude. Chin J Appl Physiol 23:203

Zhao J, Chen CK, Wu GH (2005) Geography of China. High Education Press, Beijing, pp 3–391

Zheng JP, Zhong NS (2002) Normative values of pulmonary function testing in Chinese adults. Chin Med J 115(1):50–54

Zheng JP, Chen RC, Zhong NS (2007) Pulmonary function. Guangdong Science and Technology, Guangzhou, pp 130–140

Zhou KL, Kang YH (2005) Neural network model And simulation program design based on Matlab. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, pp 86–135;140–157.

Zhu GJ (2006) Physiological concentrations and psychological stage in Chinese Populatio- Population survey report in some provinces autonomous regions or city in China for the early 21st century. Peking Union Medical College Press, Beijing, pp 273–293