Comparable effects of breakfast meals varying in protein source on appetite and subsequent energy intake in healthy males

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 57 - Trang 1097-1108 - 2017
Anestis Dougkas1,2, Elin Östman1
1Food for Health Science Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
2Institut Paul Bocuse Research Centre, Ecully, France

Tóm tắt

The satiating effect of animal vs plant proteins remains unknown. The present study examined the effects of breakfasts containing animal proteins [milk (AP)], a blend of plant proteins [oat, pea and potato (VP)] or 50:50 mixture of the two (MP) compared with a carbohydrate-rich meal (CHO) on appetite, energy intake (EI) and metabolic measures. A total of 28 males [mean age 27.4 (±SD 4.2) years, BMI 23.4 (±2.1) kg/m2] consumed three isoenergetic (1674 kJ) rice puddings matched for energy density and macronutrient content as breakfast (25% E from protein) in a single-blind, randomised, cross over design. Appetite ratings and blood samples were collected and assessed at baseline and every 30 and 60 min, respectively, until an ad libitum test meal was served 3.5 h later. Free-living appetite was recorded hourly and EI in weighed food records for the remainder of the day. No differences in subjective appetite ratings were observed after consumption of the AP, VP and MP. Furthermore, there were no differences between the AP, VP, MP and CHO breakfasts in ad libitum EI and self-reported EI during the remainder of the day. Although insulin metabolism was not affected, CHO induced a higher glucose response (P = 0.001) and total amino acids concentration was in the order of AP = MP > VP > CHO breakfast (P = 0.001). Manipulating the protein source of foods consumed as breakfast, elicited comparable effects on appetite and EI at both laboratory and free-living environment in healthy men.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M et al (2014) Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 384(9945):766–781. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8 Dougkas A, Ostman E (2016) Protein-enriched liquid preloads varying in macronutrient content modulate appetite and appetite-regulating hormones in healthy adults. J Nutr 146(3):637–645. doi:10.3945/jn.115.217224 Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD et al. (2008) Protein, weight management, and satiety. Am J Clin Nutr 87(5):1558S–1561S Gilbert JA, Bendsen NT, Tremblay A et al (2011) Effect of proteins from different sources on body composition. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21(Suppl 2):B16–B31. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.12.008 Douglas SM, Lasley TR, Leidy HJ (2015) Consuming beef vs. soy protein has little effect on appetite, satiety, and food intake in healthy adults. J Nutr 145(5):1010–1016. doi:10.3945/jn.114.206987 Li J, Armstrong CL, Campbell WW (2016) Effects of dietary protein source and quantity during weight loss on appetite, energy expenditure, and cardio-metabolic responses. Nutrients 8 (2). doi:10.3390/nu8020063E63 Veldhorst MA, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Hochstenbach-Waelen A et al (2009) A breakfast with alpha-lactalbumin, gelatin, or gelatin + TRP lowers energy intake at lunch compared with a breakfast with casein, soy, whey, or whey-GMP. Clin Nutr 28(2):147–155. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2008.12.003 Benelam B (2009) Satiation, satiety and their effects on eating behaviour. Br Nutr Found Nutr Bull 34:126–173 Blundell J, de Graaf C, Hulshof T et al (2010) Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods. Obes Rev 11(3):251–270. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00714.x Yang D, Liu Z, Yang H et al (2014) Acute effects of high-protein versus normal-protein isocaloric meals on satiety and ghrelin. Eur J Nutr 53(2):493–500. doi:10.1007/s00394-013-0552-4 Veldhorst MA, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Hochstenbach-Waelen A et al (2009) Dose-dependent satiating effect of whey relative to casein or soy. Physiol Behav 96(4–5):675–682 Boye J, Wijesinha-Bettoni R, Burlingame B (2012) Protein quality evaluation twenty years after the introduction of the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score method. Br J Nutr 108(Suppl 2):S183–S211. doi:10.1017/S0007114512002309 Delzenne N, Blundell J, Brouns F et al (2010) Gastrointestinal targets of appetite regulation in humans. Obes Rev 11(3):234–250. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00707.x Mellinkoff SM, Frankland M, Boyle D et al (1956) Relationship between serum amino acid concentration and fluctuations in appetite. J Appl Physiol 8(5):535–538 Neacsu M, Fyfe C, Horgan G et al (2014) Appetite control and biomarkers of satiety with vegetarian (soy) and meat-based high-protein diets for weight loss in obese men: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 100(2):548–558. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.077503 Chungchunlam SM, Henare SJ, Ganesh S et al (2015) Dietary whey protein influences plasma satiety-related hormones and plasma amino acids in normal-weight adult women. Eur J Clin Nutr 69(2):179–186. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.266 Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Nau F et al (2015) The satiating effects of eggs or cottage cheese are similar in healthy subjects despite differences in postprandial kinetics. Appetite 90:136–143. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.010S0195-6663(15)00104-X Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Horgan GW et al (2015) Responses in gut hormones and hunger to diets with either high protein or a mixture of protein plus free amino acids supplied under weight-loss conditions. Br J Nutr 113(8):1254–1270. doi:10.1017/S0007114515000069 Nieuwenhuizen AG, Hochstenbach-Waelen A, Veldhorst MA et al. (2008) Acute effects of breakfasts containing alpha-lactalbumin, or gelatin with or without added tryptophan, on hunger, ‘satiety’ hormones and amino acid profiles. Br J Nutr 101(12):1859–1866. doi:10.1017/S0007114508131774 Hall WL, Millward DJ, Long SJ et al (2003) Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. Br J Nutr 89(2):239–248. doi:10.1079/BJN2002760S000711450300028X Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Hagger M et al (2014) Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 68(9):980–986. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.84 Bendtsen LQ, Lorenzen JK, Gomes S et al (2014) Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over study. Br J Nutr 112(8):1412–1422. doi:10.1017/S000711451400213X Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Airinei G et al (2014) Milk protein fractions moderately extend the duration of satiety compared with carbohydrates independently of their digestive kinetics in overweight subjects. Br J Nutr 112(4):557–564. doi:10.1017/S0007114514001470 Alfenas Rde C, Bressan J, Paiva AC (2010) Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 54(1):45–51 Acheson KJ, Blondel-Lubrano A, Oguey-Araymon S et al (2011) Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 93(3):525–534. doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.005850 Luhovyy BL, Akhavan T, Anderson GH (2007) Whey proteins in the regulation of food intake and satiety. J Am Coll Nutr 26(6):704S–712S Uhe AM, Collier GR, O’Dea K (1992) A comparison of the effects of beef, chicken and fish protein on satiety and amino acid profiles in lean male subjects. J Nutr 122(3):467–472 Charlton KE, Tapsell LC, Batterham MJ et al (2011) Pork, beef and chicken have similar effects on acute satiety and hormonal markers of appetite. Appetite 56(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.10.013S0195-6663(10)00533-7 Lang V, Bellisle F, Alamowitch C et al (1999) Varying the protein source in mixed meal modifies glucose, insulin and glucagon kinetics in healthy men, has weak effects on subjective satiety and fails to affect food intake. Eur J Clin Nutr 53(12):959–965 Abou-Samra R, Keersmaekers L, Brienza D et al (2011) Effect of different protein sources on satiation and short-term satiety when consumed as a starter. Nutr J 10:139. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-139 Layman DK (2014) Eating patterns, diet quality and energy balance: a perspective about applications and future directions for the food industry. Physiol Behav 134:126–130. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.12.005S0031-9384(13)00427-7 Stunkard AJ, Messick S (1985) The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res 29(1):71–83 Brennan IM, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Seimon RV et al (2012) Effects of fat, protein, and carbohydrate and protein load on appetite, plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin, and energy intake in lean and obese men. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303(1):G129–G140. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00478.2011 The, Nordic, Council et al (eds.) (2014) Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 integrating nutrition and physical activity Norden, Copenhagen Agriculture USDo National Agriculture Library (2015) https://fnic.nal.usda.gov/food-composition. Accessed 5 April 2015 Samra RA, Anderson GH (2007) Insoluble cereal fiber reduces appetite and short-term food intake and glycemic response to food consumed 75 min later by healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 86(4):972–979 Bovenschen HJ, Janssen MJ, van Oijen MG et al (2006) Evaluation of a gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaire. Dig Dis Sci 51(9):1509–1515. doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9120-6 Marsh-Richard DM, Hatzis ES, Mathias CW et al (2009) Adaptive Visual Analog Scales (AVAS): a modifiable software program for the creation, administration, and scoring of visual analog scales. Behav Res Methods 41(1):99–106. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.1.99 Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE et al (2000) Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24(1):38–48 Gregersen NT, Flint A, Bitz C et al (2008) Reproducibility and power of ad libitum energy intake assessed by repeated single meals. Am J Clin Nutr 87(5):1277–1281 Anderson GH, Tecimer SN, Shah D et al (2004) Protein source, quantity, and time of consumption determine the effect of proteins on short-term food intake in young men. J Nutr 134(11):3011–3015 Crowder CM, Neumann BL, Baum JI (2016) Breakfast Protein Source Does Not Influence Postprandial Appetite Response and Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women. J Nutr Metab 2016:6265789. doi:10.1155/2016/6265789 Lorenzen J, Frederiksen R, Hoppe C et al (2012) The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Eur J Clin Nutr 66(5):622–627. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.221 Bowen J, Noakes M, Clifton PM (2006) Appetite regulatory hormone responses to various dietary proteins differ by body mass index status despite similar reductions in ad libitum energy intake. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(8):2913–2919 Lang V, Bellisle F, Oppert JM et al (1998) Satiating effect of proteins in healthy subjects: a comparison of egg albumin, casein, gelatin, soy protein, pea protein, and wheat gluten. Am J Clin Nutr 67(6):1197–1204 Pal S, Ellis V (2010) The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose, appetite and energy intake in lean men. Br J Nutr 104(8):1241–1248. doi:10.1017/S0007114510001911 Morifuji M, Ishizaka M, Baba S et al (2010) Comparison of different sources and degrees of hydrolysis of dietary protein: effect on plasma amino acids, dipeptides, and insulin responses in human subjects. J Agric Food Chem 58(15):8788–8797. doi:10.1021/jf101912n Diepvens K, Haberer D, Westerterp-Plantenga M (2008) Different proteins and biopeptides differently affect satiety and anorexigenic/orexigenic hormones in healthy humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 32 (3):510–518 Almiron-Roig E, Palla L, Guest K et al (2013) Factors that determine energy compensation: a systematic review of preload studies. Nutr Rev 71(7):458–473. doi:10.1111/nure.12048 Floyd JC Jr, Fajans SS, Conn JW et al (1966) Insulin secretion in response to protein ingestion. J Clin Invest 45(9):1479–1486. doi:10.1172/JCI105455 Veldhorst MA, Westerterp KR, van Vught AJ et al (2010) Presence or absence of carbohydrates and the proportion of fat in a high-protein diet affect appetite suppression but not energy expenditure in normal-weight human subjects fed in energy balance. Br J Nutr 104(9):1395–1405. doi:10.1017/S0007114510002060 Ma J, Stevens JE, Cukier K et al (2009) Effects of a protein preload on gastric emptying, glycemia, and gut hormones after a carbohydrate meal in diet-controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32(9):1600–1602. doi:10.2337/dc09-0723 Flint A, Gregersen NT, Gluud LL et al (2007) Associations between postprandial insulin and blood glucose responses, appetite sensations and energy intake in normal weight and overweight individuals: a meta-analysis of test meal studies. Br J Nutr 98(1):17–25 Ostman EM, Liljeberg Elmstahl HG, Bjorck IM (2001) Inconsistency between glycemic and insulinemic responses to regular and fermented milk products. Am J Clin Nutr 74(1):96–100 Floyd JC Jr, Fajans SS, Conn JW et al (1966) Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids. J Clin Invest 45(9):1487–1502. doi:10.1172/JCI105456 Gunnerud UJ, Ostman EM, Bjorck IM (2013) Effects of whey proteins on glycaemia and insulinaemia to an oral glucose load in healthy adults; a dose-response study. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(7):749–753. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.88 Nilsson M, Stenberg M, Frid AH et al (2004) Glycemia and insulinemia in healthy subjects after lactose-equivalent meals of milk and other food proteins: the role of plasma amino acids and incretins. Am J Clin Nutr 80(5):1246–1253 Calbet JA, MacLean DA (2002) Plasma glucagon and insulin responses depend on the rate of appearance of amino acids after ingestion of different protein solutions in humans. J Nutr 132(8):2174–2182 Veldhorst MA, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Hochstenbach-Waelen A et al (2009) Effects of high and normal soyprotein breakfasts on satiety and subsequent energy intake, including amino acid and ‘satiety’ hormone responses. Eur J Nutr 48(2):92–100. doi:10.1007/s00394-008-0767-y Burke LM, Winter JA, Cameron-Smith D et al (2012) Effect of intake of different dietary protein sources on plasma amino acid profiles at rest and after exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 22(6):452–462 Overduin J, Guerin-Deremaux L, Wils D et al (2015) NUTRALYS((R)) pea protein: characterization of in vitro gastric digestion and in vivo gastrointestinal peptide responses relevant to satiety. Food. Nutr Res 59:25622. doi:10.3402/fnr.v59.25622 Livingstone MB, Prentice AM, Strain JJ et al (1990) Accuracy of weighed dietary records in studies of diet and health. BMJ 300(6726):708–712 Schoeller DA (1995) Limitations in the assessment of dietary energy intake by self-report. Metabolism 44(2 Suppl 2):18–22 Wanders AJ, van den Borne JJ, de Graaf C et al (2011) Effects of dietary fibre on subjective appetite, energy intake and body weight: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 12(9):724–739. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00895.x Potier M, Fromentin G, Lesdema A et al (2010) The satiety effect of disguised liquid preloads administered acutely and differing only in their nutrient content tended to be weaker for lipids but did not differ between proteins and carbohydrates in human subjects. Br J Nutr 104(9):1406–1414. doi:10.1017/S0007114510002126 Mars M, Stafleu A, de Graaf C (2012) Use of satiety peptides in assessing the satiating capacity of foods. Physiol Behav 18;105(2):483–488. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.033.