Mobilizing positive reinforcement in communities to reduce youth access to tobacco
Tóm tắt
A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell. Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=American Journal of Public Health.; citation_title=Sustained effects of an educational program to reduce sales of cigarettes to minors; citation_author=D. G. Altman, L. Rasenick-Douss, V. Foster, J. B. Tye; citation_volume=81; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=891-893; citation_id=CR1
citation_title=Changing cultural practices: A contextualist framework for intervention research; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR2; citation_author=A. Biglan; citation_publisher=Context
citation_journal_title=Tobacco Control.; citation_title=Mobilising positive reinforcement to reduce youth access to tobacco; citation_author=A. Biglan, J. Henderson, D. Humphreys, M. Yasui, R. Whisman, C. Black, L. James; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=42-48; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Preventive Medicine; citation_title=Videotaped materials in a school-based smoking prevention program; citation_author=A. Biglan, L. E. James, P. LaChance, L. Zoref, J. Joffe; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=559-584; citation_doi=10.1016/0091-7435(88)90052-7; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; citation_title=Interrupted time-series analysis with brief single-subject data; citation_author=J. Crosbie; citation_volume=61; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=966-974; citation_doi=10.1037/0022-006X.61.6.966; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Tobacco Control.; citation_title=Reducing youth access to tobacco; citation_author=J. R. DiFranza, R. P. Carlson, null Caisse; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=58-58; citation_doi=10.1136/tc.1.1.58a; citation_id=CR6
citation_journal_title=Journal of Community Health; citation_title=A baseline assessment of cigarette sales to minors in San Diego, California; citation_author=A. D. Erickson, S. I. Woodruff, M. B. Wildey, E. Kenney; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=213-224; citation_doi=10.1007/BF01324432; citation_id=CR7
citation_journal_title=Journal of the American Medical Association; citation_title=The effects of combining education and enforcement to reduce tobacco sales to minors: A study of four Northern California communities; citation_author=E. Feighery, D. G. Altman, G. Shaffer; citation_volume=266; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=3168-3171; citation_doi=10.1001/jama.266.22.3168; citation_id=CR8
citation_journal_title=Preventive Medicine; citation_title=Availability of cigarettes to underage youth in three communities; citation_author=J. L. Forster, M. Hourigan, P. McGovern; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=320-328; citation_doi=10.1016/0091-7435(92)90031-C; citation_id=CR9
citation_journal_title=Health Education Research; citation_title=Sources of cigarettes for tenth graders in two Minnesota cities; citation_author=J. L. Forster, K. I. Klepp, R. W. Jeffery; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=45-50; citation_id=CR10
citation_title=Reducing illegal sales of tobacco to minors; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR11; citation_author=J. Henderson; citation_author=A. Biglan; citation_author=C. Black; citation_author=E. Gaiser; citation_author=D. Humphreys; citation_author=V. Koehn; citation_author=D. Levings; citation_author=S. Smith; citation_author=R. Whisman; citation_author=Z. Wright; citation_author=M. Yasui; citation_publisher=Oregon Research Institute
citation_journal_title=Public Health Reports; citation_title=Impact of a local ordinance banning tobacco sales to minors; citation_author=M. W. Hinds; citation_volume=107; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=355-358; citation_id=CR12
Jason, L. A., Billows, W. D., Schnopp-Wyatt, D. L., & King, C. (1995).Long-term findings from Woodridge in reducing illegal cigarette sales to older minors. Unpublished manuscript.
citation_journal_title=Journal of the American Medical Association; citation_title=Active enforcement of cigarette control laws in the prevention of cigarette sales to minors; citation_author=L. A. Jason, P. Y. Ji, M. D. Anes, S. H. Birkhead; citation_volume=266; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=3159-3161; citation_doi=10.1001/jama.266.22.3159; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Tobacco Control.; citation_title=Effect of a retailer intervention on cigarette sales to minors in San Diego County, CA; citation_author=K. D. Keay, S. I. Woodruff, M. B. Wildey, E. M. Kenney; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=145-151; citation_doi=10.1136/tc.2.2.145; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Behavior Analyst; citation_title=Matching theory in natural human environments; citation_author=J. J. McDowell; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=95-109; citation_id=CR16
citation_title=The health benefits of smoking cessation: A report of the Surgeon General; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_id=CR17; citation_publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office
citation_title=Preventing tobacco use among young people: A report of the Surgeon General; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR18; citation_publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Office on Smoking & Health
