Alcohol ingestion lowers supine blood pressure, causes splanchnic vasodilatation and worsens postural hypotension in primary autonomic failure

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde - Tập 241 - Trang 145-152 - 1994
K. Ray Chaudhuri1,2, S. Maule1,2, T. Thomaides1,2, D. Pavitt1,2, C. J. Mathias1,2
1Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Autonomic Unit, University Department of Clinical Neurology, London, UK
2The Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK

Tóm tắt

Patients with pure autonomic failure (PAF) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) may complain of feeling lightheaded after alcohol ingestion particularly on assumption of the upright posture. The reasons for this have not been investigated. We therefore studied the effects of oral alcohol (40% vodka in sugar-free orange juice) and placebo (juice only) on the systemic and regional (including superior mesenteric artery, SMA) blood flow in nine patients with PAF and six patients with MSA. After alcohol, there was a fall in supine blood pressure (BP) and vasodilatation in the SMA but no change in cardiac output, or forearm muscle and cutaneous blood flow in either PAF or MSA; BP fell further during head-up tilt with no changes in levels of plasma catecholamines. After placebo, there were no changes while supine. We conclude that alcohol lowers supine BP and dilates the SMA with no change in muscle or cutaneous blood flow. Alcohol also enhances the fall in BP during head-up tilt. This may explain the symptoms experienced by PAF and MSA patients after alcohol.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Altura BM, Gebrewold A (1981) Failure of acetaldehyde or acetate to mimic the splanchnic arteriolar or venular dilator actions of ethanol: direct in situ studies on the microcirculation. Br J Pharmacol 73:580–582 Altura BM, Carella A, Altura BT (1978) Acetaldehyde on vascular smooth muscle: possible role in vasodilator action of ethanol. Eur J Parmacol 52:73–83 Altura BM, Altura BT, Gebrewold A (1983) Alcohol-induced spasms of cerebral blood vessels: relation to cerebrovascular accidents and sudden death. Science 200:331–333 Altura BM, Altura BT, Carella A (1983) Ethanol produces coronary vasospasm: evidence for a direct action of ethanol on vascular smooth muscle. Br J Pbarmacol 78:260–262 Carmichael FJ, Israel Y, Saldivia V, Giles HG, Meggiorini S, Orrego H (1987) Blood acetaldehyde and the ethanol-induced increase in splanchnic circulation. Biochem Pharmacol 36:2673–2678 Carmichael FJ, Saldivia V, Varghese GA, Israel Y, Orrego H (1988) Ethanol-induced increase in portal blood flow: role of acetate and A1- and A2-adenosine receptors. Am J Physiol 255:G417-G423 Child JS, Kovick RB, Levisman JA, Pearce ML (1979) Cardiac effects of acute ethanol ingestion unmasked by autonomic blockade. Circulation 59:120–125 Edgarian H, Altura B (1976) Ethanol and contraction of venous smooth muscle. Anestesiology 44:311–317 Frezza M, Padova C di, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS (1990) High blood alcohol levels in women: the role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl J Med 322:95–99 Gillespie JA (1967) Vasodilator properties of alcohol. BMJ 2:274–277 Hoeldtke RL, Cavanaugh ST, Hughes JD, Polansky M (1986) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with dihydroergotamine and caffeine. Ann Intern Med 105:168–173 Howes LG, Reid JL (1985) Changes in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline levels after acute alcohol administration. Clin Sci 69:423–428 Huntsman LL, Stewart DK, Barnes SR, Franklin SB, Colocousis JS, Hessel EA (1983) Noninvasive Doppler determination of cardiac output in man: clinical validation. Circulation 67:593–602 Johnson RD, Horowitz M, Maddox AF, Wishart JM, Shearman DJC (1991) Cigarette smoking and rate of gastric emptying: effect on alcohol absorption. BMJ 302:20–23 Kooner JS, Peart WS, Mathias CJ (1989) The peptide release inhibitor octreotide (SMS 201-995) prevents the haemodynamic changes following food ingestion in normal subjects. Q J Exp Physiol 74:569–572 Kooner IS, Raimbach SJ, Watson L, Bannister R, Peart WS, Mathias CJ (1989) Relationship between splanchnic vasodilatation and post-prandial hypotension in patients with primary autonomic failure. J Hypertens 7 [Suppl 6]:s40-s41 Kupari M (1983) Acute cardiovascular effects of ethanol: a controlled noninvasive study. Br Heart J 49:174–182 Malpas SC, Robinson BJ, Mating TJB (1990) Mechanism of ethanol-induced vasodilation. J Appl Physiol 68:731–734 Mathias CJ, Bannister R (1992) Postcibal hypotension in autonomic disorders. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ (eds) Autonomic failure: a textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 489–509 Mathias CJ, Bannister R (1992) Investigation of autonomic disorders. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ (eds) Autonomic failure: a textbook of clinical disorders of the autonomic nervous system, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 255–290 Mathias CJ, Costa DF da, Fosbraey P, Bannister R, Wood SM, Bloom SR, Christensen NJ (1989) Cardiovascular, biochemical and hormonal changes during food-induced hypotension in chronic autonomic failure. J Neurol Sci 94:255–269 Mathias CJ, Costa DF da, McIntosh CM, Fosbraey P, Bannister R, Wood SM, Bloom SR, Christensen NJ (1989) Differential blood pressure and hormonal effects after glucose and xylose ingestion in chronic autonomic failure. Clin Sci 77:85–92 Mathias CJ, Holly E, Armstrong E, Shareef M, Bannister R (1991) The influence of food on postural hypotension in three groups with chronic autonomic failure- clinical and therapeutic implications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54:726–730 Miles DW, Hayter CJ (1968) The effects of intravenous insulin on the circulatory responses to tilting in normal and diabetic subjects with special reference to baroreceptor reflex block and atypical hypoglycaemic reactions. Clin Sci 34:419–430 Onrot J, Goldberg MR, Biaggioni I, Hollister AS, Kincaid D, Robertson D (1986) Haemodynamic and humoral effects of caffeine in autonomic failure. Therapeutic implications for post-prandial hypotension. N Engl J Med 313:549–554 Polinsky RJ (1988) Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide function in autonomic failure. In: Bannister R (ed) A textbook of autonomic failure, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 321–347 Prencipe L, Iacchaeri E, Manzati C (1987) Enzymatic ethanol assay: a new colorimetric method based on measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem 33:486–489 Qamar MI, Read AE, Mountford R (1986) Increased superior mesenteric artery blood flow after Glucose but not Lactulose ingestion. Q J Med 60:893–896 Ray-Chaudhuri K, Thomaides T, Hernandez P, Alam M, Mathias CJ (1991) Noninvasive quantification of superior mesenteric artery blood flow during sympathoneural activation in normal subjects. Clin Autonom Res 1:37–42 Ray-Chaudhuri K, Thomaides T, Mathias CJ (1992) Abnormality of superior mesenteric artery blood flow responses in human sympathetic failure. J Physiol (Lond) 457:477–489 Rowell LB, Detry JMR, Blackmon JR, Wyss C (1972) The importance of the spanchnic vascular bed in human blood pressure regulation. J Appl Physiol 32:213–220 Trinder P (1969) Determination of blood glucose using an oxidase-peroxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen. J Clin Pathol 22:158–161 Whitney RJ (1953) The measurement of voume changes in human limbs. J Physiol (Lond) 121:1–27