Fear of Gang Crime: A Qualitative Examination of the Four Perspectives

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency - Tập 39 Số 4 - Trang 437-471 - 2002
Jodi Lane

Tóm tắt

Crime has gone down, but fear remains high. This high fear level indicates that the recent hard-hitting policy focus on crime and gang suppression is not sufficient to calm public fears. Fear-of-crime researchers have developed four theoretical perspectives grounded in social disorganization theory to explain fear on the basis of environmental factors other than crime. These perspectives are similar in their focuses on urban community factors as key elements, but they differ in how they construct the thought processes of individuals who are afraid. This study uses qualitative data from focus groups conducted in 1997 in Santa Ana, California, to describe in residents’own words how they think about gang crime and their reasons for being afraid. It confirms that each theoretical perspective on fear of crime is important and shows how each of them is connected to the others in the thoughts of these residents.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1525/9780520921672

10.1080/07418829600093021

Boucher, G., 1998, Los Angeles Times, B1

Bursik, R. J., Jr., 1993, Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control

Bursik, R. J., Jr., 1996, Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories, 236

California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act, California Penal Code, Compact Edition, § 186.22 (West 1997).

Capizzi, M. R., 1996, 1995 Annual Report: Gang Unit & Multi-Agency Resource Gang Enforcement Teams

Capizzi, M. R., 1998, 1997 Annual Report: Gang Unit & Tri-Agency Resource, Gang Enforcement Teams (TARGET)

Carney, S., 1998, Los Angeles Times, A15

Chambliss, W. J., 2001, Power, Politics, and Crime

10.2307/3097181

10.1111/j.1745-9125.1997.tb00872.x

10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00905.x

Clinton, W. J., 1997, “State of the Union Address.”

Cohen, S., 1980, Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of Mods and Rockers, 2

10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00355.x

Fiore, F., 1998, Los Angeles Times, A1

Fox, J. A., 1996, Trends in Juvenile Violence: A Report to the United States Attorney General on Current and Future Rates of Juvenile Offending

Friedman, W., 1999, Measuring What Matters: Proceedings from the Policing Research Institute Meetings, 121

Gamson, W. A., 1992, Talking Politics

Gaquin, Deirdre A., 2000, 2000 County and City Extra: Annual Metro, City, and County Data Book, 9

Garofalo, J., 1978, Victimology, 3, 242

Goldman, A. E., 1987, The Group Depth Interview: Principles and Practice

Grad, S., 1998, Los Angeles Times, B1

10.1007/978-1-349-15881-2

10.1177/0002764296039004003

Hua, Thao, 1997, Los Angeles Times, B1

Kass, J., 1997, Los Angeles Times, B1

Krueger, R. A., 1994, Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research, 2

10.1177/0022427892029003004

Lane, J. 1998. “Crime and Gangs in an Urban Sphere: Constructing the Threat and Fearing the Future.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Irvine.

10.1177/0011128700046004005

Lewis, D. A., 1986, Fear of Crime: Incivility and the Production of a Social Problem

10.1093/sf/60.3.760

Little Hoover Commission, 1998, Beyond Bars: Correctional Reforms to Lower Prison Costs and Reduce Crime

10.1525/9780520918962

10.2307/800025

10.1080/07418829700093441

Meeker, J. W., 1998, Orange County Consortium COPS Project

Merry, S. E., 1981, Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers

Moore, J. W., 1978, Homeboys: Gangs, Drugs, and Prison in the Barrios of Los Angeles

Moore, J. W., 1991, Going Down to the Barrio: Homeboys and Homegirls in Change

Morgan, D. L., 1988, Focus Groups as Qualitative Research

Orange County Chiefs’ and Sheriff's Association County-Wide Gang Strategy Steering Committee, 1998, Final Report of the Orange County Consortium COPS Project

Orange County Gang Prevention Alliance, 1994, Action Plan, FY ’94-’95

10.1007/BF00922690

10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80294-4

10.1007/BF02511883

Project: No Gangs, 1994, Project: No Gangs: Awareness, Enforcement and Education (Program Plan)

Rackauckas, T., 1999, 1998 Annual Report Gang Unit & Tri-Agency Resource Gang Enforcement Teams (TARGET)

10.4135/9781483325484.n13

10.1177/0022427893030004005

10.1126/science.277.5328.918

10.1525/9780520911314

10.1177/089124196025002001

10.1086/449123

Skogan, W. G., 1990, Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral Decay in American Neighborhoods

Skogan, W. G., 1999, Measuring What Matters: Proceedings from the Policing Research Institute Meetings, 27

Skogan, W. G., 1981, Coping with Crime: Individual and Neighborhood Reactions

Smith, S. K., 1999, Criminal Victimization and Perceptions of Community Safety in 12 Cities, 1998

Snyder, H. N., 1999, Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report

10.1111/j.1475-682X.1996.tb00221.x

Stewart, D. W., 1990, Focus Groups: Theory and Practice

Sullivan, M. L., 1989, “Getting Paid”: Youth Crime and Work in the Inner City

Sullivan, M. L., 1999, States and Illegal Practices, 261

Taub, R. P., 1984, Paths of Neighborhood Change: Race and Crime in Urban America

Taylor, R. B., 1999, Crime, Grime, Fear and Decline: A Longitudinal Look

Taylor, R. B., 1999, Measuring What Matters: Proceedings from the Policing Research Institute Meetings, 65

Taylor, R. B., 2001, Breaking Away from Broken Windows: Baltimore Neighborhoods and the Nationwide Fight against Crime, Grime, Fear, and Decline

10.2307/3096886

10.2307/1143593

Taylor, R. B., 1985, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 2, 261

Torbet, P., 1996, State Responses to Serious and Violent Juvenile Crime

10.1037/0022-3514.39.1.13

10.1111/j.1540-4560.1984.tb01080.x

U.S. Census Bureau, 1994, County and City Data Book: 1994

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, 1997, Administration's Anti-Gang and Youth Violence Initiative

U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, 1997, Gang-Related Witness Intimidation and Retaliation

U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, 1994, The Gang Problem in America: Formulating an Effective Federal Response

U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, 1994, Juvenile Crime: Breaking the Cycle of Violence

10.1086/231172

Vigil, J. D., 1988, Barrio Gangs: Street Life and Identity in Southern California

Walters, P. M., 1995, S.T.O.P. Street Terrorism Offender Project: Annual Report 1995

Walters, P. M., 1996, S.T.O.P. Street Terrorist Offender Project: Annual Report 1996

10.1093/sf/68.3.891

Warr, M., 1994, Understanding and Preventing Violence: Consequences and Control, 1

Wilson, J. Q., 1982, The Atlantic Monthly, 249, 29

10.1007/BF00728588