PDGF, TGF-β, and FGF signaling is important for differentiation and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): transcriptional profiling can identify markers and signaling pathways important in differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages

Beyer Nardi, 2006, Mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, in vitro expansion and characterization., Handb Exp Pharmacol, 249, 10.1007/3-540-31265-X_11 Deans, 2000, Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses., Exp Hematol, 28, 875, 10.1016/S0301-472X(00)00482-3 Caplan, 2001, Mesenchymal stem cells: building blocks for molecular medicine in the 21st century., Trends Mol Med, 7, 259, 10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02016-0 Baksh, 2004, Adult mesenchymal stem cells: characterization, differentiation, and application in cell and gene therapy., J Cell Mol Med, 8, 301, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00320.x Dazzi, 2006, The role of mesenchymal stem cells in haemopoiesis., Blood Rev, 20, 161, 10.1016/j.blre.2005.11.002 Nakagami, 2006, Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells as a novel option for regenerative cell therapy., J Atheroscler Thromb, 13, 77, 10.5551/jat.13.77 Chunmeng, 2004, Skin: a promising reservoir for adult stem cell populations., Med Hypotheses, 62, 683, 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.022 De Bari, 2001, Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane., Arthritis Rheum, 44, 1928, 10.1002/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P De Bari, 2003, Skeletal muscle repair by adult human mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane., J Cell Biol, 160, 909, 10.1083/jcb.200212064 Yamada, 2006, Cluster analysis and gene expression profiles: a cDNA microarray system-based comparison between human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for tissue engineering cell therapy., Biomaterials, 27, 3766, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.02.009 Pierdomenico, 2005, Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with immunosuppressive activity can be easily isolated from dental pulp., Transplantation, 80, 836, 10.1097/01.tp.0000173794.72151.88 Shi, 2003, Perivascular niche of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells in human bone marrow and dental pulp., J Bone Miner Res, 18, 696, 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.4.696 Bieback, 2004, Critical parameters for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood., Stem Cells, 22, 625, 10.1634/stemcells.22-4-625 Lee, 2004, Mesenchymal stem cells from cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 320, 273, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.206 De Coppi, 2007, Amniotic fluid and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells can be converted to smooth muscle cells in the cryo-injured rat bladder and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of surviving smooth muscle cells., J Urol, 177, 369, 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.103 In 't Anker, 2003, Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation., Blood, 102, 1548, 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1291 Tsai, 2004, Isolation of human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from second-trimester amniotic fluid using a novel two-stage culture protocol., Hum Reprod, 19, 1450, 10.1093/humrep/deh279 Li, 2005, Isolation and identification of a multilineage potential mesenchymal cell from human placenta., Placenta, 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.08.003 Igura, 2004, Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal progenitor cells from chorionic villi of human placenta., Cytotherapy, 6, 543, 10.1080/14653240410005366-1 Miao, 2006, Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells., Cell Biol Int, 30, 681, 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.03.009 Keating, 2006, Mesenchymal stromal cells., Curr Opin Hematol, 13, 419, 10.1097/01.moh.0000245697.54887.6f Seshi, 2003, Multilineage gene expression in human bone marrow stromal cells as evidenced by single-cell microarray analysis., Blood Cells Mol Dis, 31, 268, 10.1016/S1079-9796(03)00150-5 Almeida-Porada, 2004, Plasticity of human stem cells in the fetal sheep model of human stem cell transplantation., Int J Hematol, 79, 1, 10.1007/BF02983526 Pittenger, 2004, Mesenchymal stem cells and their potential as cardiac therapeutics., Circ Res, 95, 9, 10.1161/01.RES.0000135902.99383.6f Fibbe, 2003, Mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 996, 235, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03252.x Le Blanc, 2004, Treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells., Lancet, 363, 1439, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16104-7 Sudres, 2006, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro but fail to prevent graft-versus-host disease in mice., J Immunol, 176, 7761, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7761 Marion, 2006, Mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering., Methods Enzymol, 420, 339, 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)20016-8 Shi, 2005, The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair dental structures., Orthod Craniofac Res, 8, 191, 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2005.00331.x Fiedler, 2004, To go or not to go: migration of human mesenchymal progenitor cells stimulated by isoforms of PDGF., J Cell Biochem, 93, 990, 10.1002/jcb.20219 Gao, 2003, Mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering for orthopaedic surgery., Chir Organi Mov, 88, 305 Tuan, 2003, Adult mesenchymal stem cells and cell-based tissue engineering., Arthritis Res Ther, 5, 32, 10.1186/ar614 Lee, 2004, Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue., Cell Physiol Biochem, 14, 311, 10.1159/000080341 Hishikawa, 2004, Gene expression profile of human mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenesis in three-dimensional thermoreversible gelation polymer., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 317, 1103, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.165 Hu, 2003, Gene expression profiles of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and tendon cells., Chin Med J (Engl), 116, 1270 Pochampally, 2004, Serum deprivation of human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) selects for a subpopulation of early progenitor cells with enhanced expression of OCT-4 and other embryonic genes., Blood, 103, 1647, 10.1182/blood-2003-06-1967 Wagner, 2005, Comparative characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood., Exp Hematol, 33, 1402, 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.07.003 European Bioinformatics Institute Array Express. Accessed August 17, 2007 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray-as/aer/entry Lee, 2004, Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and its clinical applications., Yonsei Med J, 45 Tsutsumi, 2001, Retention of multilineage differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells during proliferation in response to FGF., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 288, 413, 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5777 Bobick, 2007, Fibroblast growth factors 2, 4, and 8 exert both negative and positive effects on limb, frontonasal, and mandibular chondrogenesis via MEK-ERK activation., J Cell Physiol, 211, 233, 10.1002/jcp.20923 Liu, 2006, Genome wide profiling of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), their derivatives and embryonal carcinoma cells to develop base profiles of U.S. Federal government approved hESC lines., BMC Dev Biol, 6, 20, 10.1186/1471-213X-6-20 Liu, 2007, Identification of common pathways mediating differentiation of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells into three mesenchymal lineages., Stem Cells, 25, 750, 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0394 Muller, 2006, Animal serum-free culture conditions for isolation and expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from human BM., Cytotherapy, 8, 437, 10.1080/14653240600920782 Ozaki, 2007, Comprehensive analysis of chemotactic factors for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells., Stem Cells Dev, 16, 119, 10.1089/scd.2006.0032 Kratchmarova, 2005, Mechanism of divergent growth factor effects in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation., Science, 308, 1472, 10.1126/science.1107627 Gruber, 2004, Platelet-released supernatants increase migration and proliferation, and decrease osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells under in vitro conditions., Platelets, 15, 29, 10.1080/09537100310001643999 Kulterer, 2007, Gene expression profiling of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow during expansion and osteoblast differentiation., BMC Genomics, 8, 70, 10.1186/1471-2164-8-70 Li, 2005, The expression of N-cadherin, fibronectin during chondrogenic differentiation of MSC induced by TGF-beta(1)., Chin J Traumatol, 8, 349 Vallier, 2005, Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways cooperate to maintain pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells., J Cell Sci, 118, 4495, 10.1242/jcs.02553 Jian, 2006, Smad3-dependent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is required for TGF-beta1-induced proliferation of bone marrow-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells., Genes Dev, 20, 666, 10.1101/gad.1388806 Roelen, 2003, Controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by TGFBeta family members., J Orthop Sci, 8, 740, 10.1007/s00776-003-0702-2 Benavente, 2003, Subcellular distribution and mitogenic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in mesenchymal uncommitted stem cells., Growth Factors, 21, 87, 10.1080/08977190310001613789 Jackson, 2006, Coordinated fibroblast growth factor and heparan sulfate regulation of osteogenesis., Gene, 379, 79, 10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.028 Jacob, 2006, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling in the osteo-chondrogenic cell lineage regulates sequential steps of osteoblast maturation., Dev Biol, 296, 315, 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.05.031 Solchaga, 2005, FGF-2 enhances the mitotic and chondrogenic potentials of human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells., J Cell Physiol, 203, 398, 10.1002/jcp.20238 Song, 2006, Identification and functional analysis of candidate genes regulating mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and multipotency., Stem Cells, 24, 1707, 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0604