A Markov approach for describing post-fire succession of vegetation
Tóm tắt
Vegetation dynamics in the coastal area of the Seto Inland Sea region in Japan, where wild fires occur frequently, were described using a stationary Markov model. In this region, vegetation types ofMiscanthus-Pleioblastus grassland,Lespedeza-Mallotus scrub,Pinus-Rhododendron forest andCrassocephalum-Erechtites community have been identified, and these show cyclic succession under the influence of fires. The model uses parameters determining fire frequency and rate of successional change to analyze the effect of variation in these parameters on the areal ratio of each vegetation type at equilibrium and on the time taken for one vegetation type to succeed another (elapsed successional time). The effect of fire frequency differs between hypothetical habitats with high and low productivity. A policy for vegetation management in areas of high and low productivity is proposed. The advantages and limitations of applying Markov models to studies of vegetation succession are also discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Binkley, C. S. (1980) Is succession in hardwood forests a stationary Markov process? For. Sci.26: 566–570.
Bosch, C. A. (1971) Redwoods: A population model. Science172: 345–349.
Brisbin, R. L. &Dale, M. E. (1987) Estimating tree-quality potential in a managed white oak stand by Markov chain analysis. Can. J. For. Res.17: 9–16.
Bruner, H. D. &Moser, J. W. (1973) A Markov chain approach to the prediction of diameter distributions in uneven-aged forest stands. Can. J. For. Res.3: 409–417.
Culver, D. C. (1981) On using Horn's Markov succession model. Am. Nat.117: 572–574.
Enright, N. &Ogden, J. (1979) Applications of transition matrix models in forest dynamics:Araucaria in Papua New Guinea andNothofagus in New Zealand. Aust. J. Ecol.4: 3–23.
Hada, Y. &Tanino, H. (1988) Forest fire in Okayama Prefecture. Bull. Hiruzen Res. Inst. Okayama Univ. Sci.14: 79–93 (In Japanese with English summary).
Horn, H. (1975) Forest succession. Sci. Am.232: 90–98.
Kachi, N., Yasuoka, Y., Totsuka, T. &Suzuki, K. (1986) A stochastic model for describing revegetation following forest cutting: an application of remote sensing. Ecol. Model.32: 105–117.
Leslie, P. H. (1945) On the use of matrices in certain population mathematics. Biometrika33: 183–212.
Leslie, P. H. (1948) Some further notes on the use of matrices in population mathematics. Biometrika35: 213–245.
Lewis, E. G. (1942) On the generation and growth of a population. Sankhyā6: 93–96.
Morimura, H. &Takahashi, Y. (1979) Markov analysis. 314 pp. Nikkagiren Shuppansha, Tokyo (In Japanese).
Nakagoshi, N. (1984). Forest fire and forest vegetation. “Vegetation of Japan Vol. 5” (ed. Miyawaki, A 402–410. Shibundo, Tokyo (In Japanese).
Nakagoshi, N. (1987) Post-fire succession of a pine forest in east Setouchi, Japan. “Papers on plant ecology and taxonomy to the memory of Dr. Satoshi Nakanishi”, 383–392. The Kobe Geobot. Soc., Kobe.
Nakagoshi, N., Chinen, T., Hori, N. &Nehira, K. (1984) Regeneration of vegetation in the burned pine forest in southern Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. VI. Effects of topographical factor. Mem. Fac. Integrated Arts and Sci. Hiroshima Univ. Ser. IV9: 41–65 (In Japanese with English summary).
Nakagoshi, N., Nehira, K. &Takahashi, F. (1987) The role of fire in pine forests of Japan. “The role of fire in ecological systems” (ed. Trabaud, L.), 91–119. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague.
Nakane, K., Yakuta, K. &Nehira, K. (1986) Assessment of degree of the damage by forest fire based on Landsat MSS data: a case of the Miyajima Island, Hiroshima, Japan. J. Remote Sensing Soc. Jpn.6: 349–357 (In Japanese with English summary).
Okuda, T. &Nakane, K. (1988) Application of Landsat MSS data to the vegetation classification—a case of the northwestern part of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Jpn. J. Ecol.38: 85–97 (In Japanese with English summary).
Peden, L. M., Williams, J. S. &Frayer, W. E. (1973) A Markov model for stand projection. For. Sci.19: 303–314.
Roberts, M. R. &Hruska, A. J. (1986) Predicting diameter distributions: a test of the stationary Markov model. Can. J. For. Res.16: 130–135.
Setojima, M., Akamatsu, Y. &Hirose, Y. (1989) Updating of actual vegetation map by plural satellite data and output of the vector map. J. Remote Sensing Soc. Jpn.9: 189–203 (In Japanese with English summary).
Usher, M. B. (1966) A matrix approach to the management of renewable resources, with special reference to selection forests, J. Appl. Ecol.3: 355–367.
Usher, M. B. (1969) A matrix model for forest management. Biometrics25: 309–315.
Waggoner, P. E. &Stephens, G. R. (1970) Transition probabilities for a forest. Nature225: 1160–1161.