Intracellular Trafficking of Plasmids during Transfection Is Mediated by Microtubules

Elouahabi, 2005, Formation and intracellular trafficking of lipoplexes and polyplexes, Mol. Ther, 11, 336, 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.12.006 Gao, 1993, Cytoplasmic expression of a reporter gene by co-delivery of T7 RNA polymerase and T7 promoter sequence with cationic liposomes, Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 2867, 10.1093/nar/21.12.2867 Zabner, 1995, Cellular and molecular barriers to gene transfer by a cationic lipid, J. Biol. Chem, 270, 18997, 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18997 Lukacs, 2000, Size-dependent DNA mobility in cytoplasm and nucleus, J. Biol. Chem, 275, 1625, 10.1074/jbc.275.3.1625 Dowty, 1995, Plasmid DNA entry into postmitotic nuclei of primary rat myotubes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 4572, 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4572 Prives, 1998, Signaling to p53: breaking the MDM2-p53 circuit, Cell, 95, 5, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81774-2 Kastan, 1991, Participation of p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage, Cancer Res, 51, 6304 Lane, 1992, Cancer: p53, guardian of the genome, Nature, 358, 15, 10.1038/358015a0 Giannakakou, 2000, p53 is associated with cellular microtubules and is transported to the nucleus by dynein, Nat. Cell Biol, 2, 709, 10.1038/35036335 Giannakakou, 2002, Enhanced microtubule-dependent trafficking and p53 nuclear accumulation by suppression of microtubule dynamics, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 10855, 10.1073/pnas.132275599 Vihinen-Ranta, 2000, Cytoplasmic trafficking of the canine parvovirus capsid and its role in infection and nuclear transport, J. Virol, 74, 4853, 10.1128/JVI.74.10.4853-4859.2000 Ogawa-Goto, 2003, Microtubule network facilitates nuclear targeting of human cytomegalovirus capsid, J. Virol, 77, 8541, 10.1128/JVI.77.15.8541-8547.2003 Bukrinskaya, 1998, Establishment of a functional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription complex involves the cytoskeleton, J. Exp. Med, 188, 2113, 10.1084/jem.188.11.2113 Lycke, 1984, Uptake and transport of herpes simplex virus in neurites of rat dorsal root ganglia cells in culture, J. Gen. Virol, 65, 55, 10.1099/0022-1317-65-1-55 Lycke, 1988, Herpes simplex virus infection of the human sensory neuron: an electron microscopy study, Arch. Virol, 101, 87, 10.1007/BF01314654 Penfold, 1994, Axonal transport of herpes simplex virions to epidermal cells: evidence for a specialized mode of virus transport and assembly, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 6529, 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6529 Suomalainen, 1999, Microtubule-dependent plus- and minus end-directed motilities are competing processes for nuclear targeting of adenovirus, J. Cell Biol, 144, 657, 10.1083/jcb.144.4.657 Forest, 2005, Active intranuclear movement of herpesvirus capsids, Nat. Cell Biol, 7, 429, 10.1038/ncb1243 Gouin, 2005, Actin-based motility of intracellular pathogens, Curr. Opin. Microbiol, 8, 35, 10.1016/j.mib.2004.12.013 Vacik, 1999, Cell-specific nuclear import of plasmid DNA, Gene Ther, 6, 1006, 10.1038/sj.gt.3300924 Dean, 1999, Sequence requirements for plasmid nuclear entry, Exp. Cell Res, 253, 713, 10.1006/excr.1999.4716 Gasiorowski, 2005, Postmitotic nuclear retention of episomal plasmids is altered by DNA labeling and detection methods, Mol. Ther, 12, 460, 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.05.001 Ausubel, 1994 Somiari, 2000, Theory and in vivo application of electroporative gene delivery, Mol. Ther, 2, 178, 10.1006/mthe.2000.0124 Rosette, 1995, Cytoskeletal control of gene expression: depolymerization of microtubules activates NF-kappa B, J. Cell Biol, 128, 1111, 10.1083/jcb.128.6.1111 Wang, 2004, Effects of microtubule-depolymerizing agents on the transfection of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: enhanced expression with free drug and especially with drug-gene lipoplexes, Mol. Ther, 9, 729, 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.02.009 Coonrod, 1997, On the mechanism of DNA transfection: efficient gene transfer without viruses, Gene Ther, 4, 1313, 10.1038/sj.gt.3300536 Golzio, 2002, Direct visualization at the single-cell level of electrically mediated gene delivery, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 1292, 10.1073/pnas.022646499 Golzio, 2004, In vitro and in vivo electric field-mediated permeabilization, gene transfer, and expression, Methods, 33, 126, 10.1016/j.ymeth.2003.11.003 Dauty, 2005, Actin cytoskeleton as the principal determinant of size-dependent DNA mobility in cytoplasm: a new barrier for non-viral gene delivery, J. Biol. Chem, 280, 7823, 10.1074/jbc.M412374200 Popov, 1992, Diffusional transport of macromolecules in developing nerve processes, J. Neurosci, 12, 77, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-01-00077.1992 Mesika, 2005, Enhanced intracellular mobility and nuclear accumulation of DNA plasmids associated with a karyophilic protein, Hum. Gene Ther, 16, 200, 10.1089/hum.2005.16.200 Hanz, 2003, Axoplasmic importins enable retrograde injury signaling in lesioned nerve, Neuron, 40, 1095, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00770-0 Perlson, 2005, Vimentin-dependent spatial translocation of an activated MAP kinase in injured nerve, Neuron, 45, 715, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.023 Dean, 1997, Import of plasmid DNA into the nucleus is sequence specific, Exp. Cell Res, 230, 293, 10.1006/excr.1996.3427 Langle-Rouault, 1998, Up to 100-fold increase of apparent gene expression in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus oriP sequences and EBNA1: implications of the nuclear import of plasmids, J. Virol, 72, 6181, 10.1128/JVI.72.7.6181-6185.1998 Mesika, 2001, A regulated, NFkappaB-assisted import of plasmid DNA into mammalian cell nuclei, Mol. Ther, 3, 653, 10.1006/mthe.2001.0312 Vacik, 1999, Cell-specific nuclear import of plasmid DNA, Gene Ther, 6, 1006, 10.1038/sj.gt.3300924 Dean, 2002, Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, 229 Wilson, 1999, Nuclear import of plasmid DNA in digitonin-permeabilized cells requires both cytoplasmic factors and specific DNA sequences, J. Biol. Chem, 274, 22025, 10.1074/jbc.274.31.22025 Dean, 2005, Nuclear entry of nonviral vectors, Gene Ther, 12, 881, 10.1038/sj.gt.3302534 Vaysse, 2004, Development of a self-assembling nuclear targeting vector system based on the tetracycline repressor protein, J. Biol. Chem, 279, 5555, 10.1074/jbc.M311894200