Transfection of single-stranded hepatitis A virus RNA activates MHC class I pathway
Tóm tắt
Although infection of single-stranded RNA viruses can enhance expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Recent studies have indicated that exposure of non-immune cells to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) of viral origin can directly increase the expression of MHC class I and related molecules without immune cell interaction. In this report, we show that transfection of single-stranded hepatitis A virus RNA into cultured hepatocytes results in the induction of genes for MHC class I, LMP2 and transporter for antigen processing (TAP1), in addition to the generation of viral proteins. We suggest that this stimulatory effect is due to the double-stranded RNA formed during replication of single-stranded viral RNA, and involves both double-stranded, RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and the secretion of IFNβ.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
York, 1994, A cytosolic herpes simplex virus protein inhibits antigen presentation to CD8+ T lymphocytes., Cell, 77, 525, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90215-1
Fruh, 1995, A viral inhibitor of peptide transporters for antigen presentation., Nature, 375, 415, 10.1038/375415a0
Hill, 1995, Herpes simplex virus turns off the TAP to evade host immunity., Nature, 375, 411, 10.1038/375411a0
Bao, 1992, Flavivirus induces MHC antigen on human myoblasts: a model of autoimmune myositis?, Muscle Nerve, 15, 1271, 10.1002/mus.880151109
Argall, 1991, The effects of West Nile virus on major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecule expression by Lewis rat Schwann cells in vitro., J Neuroimmunol, 35, 273, 10.1016/0165-5728(91)90181-6
Gao, 1999, Human parainfluenza virus type 3 up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class I and II expression on respiratory epithelial cells: involvement of a STAT1- and CIITA-independent pathway., J Virol, 73, 1411, 10.1128/JVI.73.2.1411-1418.1999
Rehermann, 2000, Cell mediated immune response to the hepatitis C virus., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 242, 299
Cerny, 1999, Pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C: immunological features of hepatic injury and viral persistence., Hepatology, 30, 595, 10.1002/hep.510300312
Biron, 1994, Cytokines in the generation of immune responses to, and resolution of, virus infection., Curr Opin Immunol, 6, 530, 10.1016/0952-7915(94)90137-6
Hisamatsu, 1996, Newly identified pair of proteasomal subunits regulated reciprocally by interferon gamma., J Exp Med, 183, 1807, 10.1084/jem.183.4.1807
Clemens, 1997, The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR: structure and function., J Interferon Cytokine Res, 17, 503, 10.1089/jir.1997.17.503
Bevilacqua, 1996, Minor-groove recognition of double-stranded RNA by the double-stranded RNA-binding domain from the RNA-activated protein kinase PKR., Biochemistry, 35, 9983, 10.1021/bi9607259
Bevilacqua, 1998, Binding of the protein kinase PKR to RNAs with secondary structure defects: role of the tandem A-G mismatch and noncontiguous helixes., Biochemistry, 37, 6303, 10.1021/bi980113j
Suzuki, 1999, Activation of target tissue immune recognition molecules by double strand nucleic acids., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 2285, 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2285
Fox, 1998, Lipofection indirectly increases expression of endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on tumor cells., Cancer Gene Ther, 5, 307
Park, 1998, Up-regulation of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens by plasmid DNA transfection in non-hematopoietic cells., FEBS Lett, 436, 55, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01097-7
York, 1996, Antigen processing and presentation by the class I major histocompatibility complex., Annu Rev Immunol, 14, 369, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.369
Shepherd, 1993, TAP1-dependent peptide translocation in vitro is ATP dependent and peptide selective., Cell, 74, 577, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80058-M
Funkhouser, 1996, Progress toward the development of a genetically engineered attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine., J Virol, 70, 7948, 10.1128/jvi.70.11.7948-7957.1996
Emerson, 1992, cDNA clone of hepatitis A virus encoding a virulent virus: induction of viral hepatitis by direct nucleic acid transfection of marmosets., J Virol, 66, 6649, 10.1128/jvi.66.11.6649-6654.1992
Yanagi, 1997, Transcripts from a single full-length cDNA clone of hepatitis C virus are infectious when directly transfected into the liver of a chimpanzee., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94, 8738, 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8738
Suzuki, 1998, Thyroid transcription factor 1 is calcium modulated and coordinately regulates genes involved in calcium homeostasis in C cells., Mol Cell Biol, 18, 7410, 10.1128/MCB.18.12.7410
Suzuki, 1999, Follicular thyroglobulin suppresses iodide uptake by suppressing expression of the sodium/iodide symporter gene., Endocrinology, 140, 5422, 10.1210/endo.140.11.7124
Suzuki, 1998, Identification of thyroid transcription factor-1 in C cells and parathyroid cells., Endocrinology, 139, 3014, 10.1210/endo.139.6.6126
Suzuki, 1998, Autoregulation of thyroid-specific gene transcription by thyroglobulin., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 8251, 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8251
Raychaudhuri, 1998, Utilization of chimeras between human (HM-175) and simian (AGM-27) strains of hepatitis A virus to study the molecular basis of virulence., J Virol, 72, 7467, 10.1128/JVI.72.9.7467-7475.1998
Zinn, 1988, 2-Aminopurine selectively inhibits the induction of beta-interferon, c-fos, and c-myc gene expression., Science, 240, 210, 10.1126/science.3281258
Hu, 1993, 2-Aminopurine inhibits the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase both in vitro and in vivo., J Interferon Res, 13, 323, 10.1089/jir.1993.13.323
Cheshire, 1999, Involvement of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase in the synergistic activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and gamma-interferon in preneuronal cells., J Biol Chem, 274, 4801, 10.1074/jbc.274.8.4801
Tiwari, 1988, Gene induction by interferons and double-stranded RNA: selective inhibition by 2-aminopurine, Mol Cell Biol, 8, 4289
Siden, 1994, DNA structure and function., Academic Press Inc.
Singer, 1994, Methimazole prevents induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice., J Immunol, 153, 873, 10.4049/jimmunol.153.2.873
Mozes, 1998, Spontaneous autoimmune disease in (NZB × NZW) F1 mice is ameliorated by treatment with methimazole., J Clin Immunol, 18, 106, 10.1023/A:1023242732212
Kohn, 2000, Graves’ disease: a host defense mechanism gone awry, Int Rev Immunol, 19, 633, 10.3109/08830180009088516
Kohn, 2000, An animal model of Graves’ disease: understanding the cause of autoimmune hyperthyroidism, Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders, ed., 59
Zamanian-Daryoush, 2000, NF-kappaB activation by double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is mediated through NF-kappaB-inducing kinase and IkappaB kinase, Mol Cell Biol, 20, 1278, 10.1128/MCB.20.4.1278-1290.2000
Giuliani, 1995, Hormonal modulation of major histocompatibility complex class I gene expression involves an enhancer A-binding complex consisting of Fra-2 and the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B., J Biol Chem, 270, 11453, 10.1074/jbc.270.19.11453
Taniguchi, 1998, Iodide suppression of major histocompatibility class I gene expression in thyroid cells involves enhancer A and the transcription factor NF-kappa B., Mol Endocrinol, 12, 19, 10.1210/mend.12.1.0052
Kirchhoff, 1999, NFkappaB activation is required for interferon regulatory factor-1-mediated interferon beta induction., Eur J Biochem, 261, 546, 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00308.x
Ghosh, 1998, NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses., Annu Rev Immunol, 16, 225, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.225
Lampson, 1967, Inducers of interferon and host resistance. I. Double-stranded RNA from extracts of Penicillium funiculosum., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 58, 782, 10.1073/pnas.58.2.782
Wordemann, 1998, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human hepatoma cell lines is resistant to drugs that are inhibitory to macrophages., J Interferon Cytokine Res, 18, 1069, 10.1089/jir.1998.18.1069
Dansky-Ullmann, 1995, Synergistic effects of IL-6 and IFN-gamma on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and HLA expression by human colorectal carcinoma cells: role for endogenous IFN-beta., Cytokine, 7, 118, 10.1006/cyto.1995.1016
Kinter, 1995, HIV replication in IL-2-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is driven in an autocrine/paracrine manner by endogenous cytokines., J Immunol, 154, 2448, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.5.2448
Kohn, 1998, Immune activation of double-stranded polynucleotides, US Patent Application Pending
Karin, 2000, Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity, Annu Rev Immunol, 18, 621, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621
Takeshita, 2000, Positive and negative regulatory elements contribute to CpG oligonucleotide-mediated regulation of human IL-6 gene expression, Eur J Immunol, 30, 108, 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(200001)30:01<108::aid-immu108>3.0.co;2-q
Sen, 1993, Interferon-induced antiviral actions and their regulation., Adv Virus Res, 42, 57, 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60083-4
Caturegli, 2000, Hypothyroidism in transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the thyroid, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97, 1719, 10.1073/pnas.020522597
Sharp, 1999, Activation of the interferon-inducible (2′-5′) oligoadenylate synthetase by the Epstein-Barr virus RNA, EBER-1., Virology, 257, 303, 10.1006/viro.1999.9689
Shimada, 1998, Aberrant expression of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis and differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma., Cancer Res, 58, 4434
Ishii, 2001, Genomic DNA released by dying cells induces the maturation of APCs, J Immunol, 167, 2602, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.5.2602
Ohtsuki, 1980, Mouse spleen cell nuclear protein kinases and the stimulating effect of dsDNA on NHP phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase in vitro., J Biochem (Tokyo), 87, 35, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132745
Walker, 1985, Double-stranded DNA induces the phosphorylation of several proteins including the 90 000 mol. wt. heat-shock protein in animal cell extracts., EMBO J, 4, 139, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb02328.x
Smider, 1994, Restoration of X-ray resistance and V (D) J recombination in mutant cells by Ku cDNA., Science, 266, 288, 10.1126/science.7939667
Taccioli, 1994, Ku80: product of the XRCC5 gene and its role in DNA repair and V (D) J recombination., Science, 265, 1442, 10.1126/science.8073286
Yaneva, 1997, Interaction of DNA-dependent protein kinase with DNA and with Ku: biochemical and atomic-force microscopy studies., EMBO J, 16, 5098, 10.1093/emboj/16.16.5098