The effect of low plant density on response to selection for biomass production in switchgrass
Tóm tắt
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a model bioenergy species with a high biomass production from which renewable sources of fuel and electricity can be generated. The objective of this study was to perform divergent single-plant selection for biomass yield at low plant density, intermate the selected plants in polycrosses, and evaluate the performance of their half-sib (HS) progenies in sward and row plots. One thousand plants from ‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’ populations were planted in unreplicated honeycomb trials with a plant spacing of 120 cm. Moving-ring selection was applied to select 15 high- and 15 low-yielding plants from each population. These were grown in separate polycrosses to create HS-families. Four HS-families from high- and 4 from low-yielding parents of Alamo and Kanlow, along with their bulks were evaluated for 3 years in sward plots with row spacing of 18 cm. Five HS-families from high- and five from low-yielding parents of Alamo and Kanlow were evaluated for 2 years in row plots spaced 76 cm along with their bulks. Overall, the row-plots had 20% higher biomass per unit area than the sward-plots. Across populations and plant densities, the highest-yielding HS-families produced between 2.0 and 9.3 t/ha more biomass than the lowest-yielding HS-families. The mean biomass of the HS-families from parents selected for high-yield was between 0.34 and 4 t/ha higher than the mean of the HS-families from the low-yielding parents. The annual response to selection for the mean and the bulk of the HS-families from the high yielding parents was 19 and 27% higher than the check. These results indicate that on average, high- and low-yielding parental genotypes were effectively selected from the two populations under low plant density.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aastveit, A.H. & K. Aastveit, 1990. Theory and application of open-pollination and polycross in forage grass breeding. Theor Appl Genet 79: 618–624.
Abraham, E.M. & A.C. Fasoulas, 2001. Comparative efficiency of three selection methods in Dactylis glomerata L. and Agropyron cristatum L. J Agric Sci Cambridge 137: 173–178.
Batzios, D.P. & D.G. Roupakias, 1997. HONEY: A microcomputer program for plant selection and analyses of the honeycomb designs. Crop Sci 37: 744–747.
Batzios, D.P., D.G. Roupakias, U. Kechagia & S. Galanopoulou-Sendouca, 2001. Comparative efficiency of honeycomb and conventional pedigree methods of selection for yield and fiber quality in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Euphytica 122: 203–211.
Bruckner, P.L., P.L. Raymer & G.W. Burton, 1991. Recurrent phenotypic selection for forage yield in rye. Euphytica 54: 11–17.
Burton, G.W., 1992. Recurrent restricted phenotypic selection. Plant Breed Rev 9: 101–113.
Burton, G.W., 2001. Tifton 85 bermudagrass – early history of its creation, selection, and evaluation. Crop Sci 41: 5–6.
Burton, G.W. & B.G. Mullinix, 1998. Yield distributions of spaced plants within pensacola bahiagrass populations developed by recurrent restricted phenotypic selection. Crop Sci 38: 333–336.
Carpenter, J.A. & M.D. Casler, 1990. Divergent phenotypic selection response in smooth bromegrass for forage yield and nutritive value. Crop Sci 30: 17–22.
Christakis, P.A. & A.C. Fasoulas, 2001. The recovery of recombinant inbreds outyielding the hybrid in tomato. J Agric Sci 137: 179–183.
Fasoulas, A.C. & V.A. Fasoula, 1995. Honeycomb selection designs. Plant Breed Rev 13: 87–139.
Fasoula, D.A., 1990. Correlations between auto-, allo- and nil-competition and their implications in plant breeding. Euphytica 50: 57–62.
Fasoula, D.A. & V.A. Fasoula, 1997. Competitive ability and plant breeding. Plant Breed Rev 14: 89–138.
Fasoula, V.A. & D.A. Fasoula, 2000. Honeycomb breeding: Principles and applications. Plant Breed Rev 18: 177–251.
Fasoula, V.A. & D.A. Fasoula, 2002. Principles underlying genetic improvement for high and stable crop yield potential. Field Crop Res 75: 191–209.
Fasoula, V.A. & H.R. Boerma, 2005. Divergent selection at ultra-low plant density for seed protein and oil content within soybean cultivars. Field Crops Res 91: 217–229.
Fasoula, V.A. & M. Tollenaar, in press. The impact of plant population density on crop yield and response to selection in maize. Maydica
Fujimoto, F. & S. Suzuki, 1975. Studies on variation and selection in Italian ryegrass populations. III. Response to selection for high dry matter weight. Jpn J Breed 25: 323–333.
Hamblin, J. & J.G. Rowell, 1975. Breeding implications of the relationship between competitive ability and pure culture yield in self-pollinated grain crops. Euphytica 24: 221–228.
Hayward, M.S. & J.L. Vivero, 1984. Selection for yield in Lolium perenne. II. Performance of spaced plant selections under competitive conditions. Euphytica 33: 787–800.
Hitchcock, A.S., 1971. Manual of Grasses of the United States. Vol. II. Dover Publications Inc., New York.
Jung, G.A., J.A. Shaffer, W.L. Stout & M.J. Panciera, 1990. Warm season grass diversity in yield, plant morphology, and nitrogen concentration and removal in northeastern USA. Agron J 82: 21–26.
Kawano, K. & M.D. Thung, 1982. Intergenotypic competition and competition with associated crops in cassava. Crop Sci 22: 59–63.
Kyriakou, D.T. & A.C. Fasoulas, 1985. Effects of competition and selection pressure on yield response in winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Euphytica 34: 883–895.
Littel, R.C., G.A. Milliken, W.W. Stroup & R.D. Wolfinger, 1996. SAS Systems for Mixed Models. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Lynd, L.R., J.H. Cushman, R.J. Nichols & C.E. Wyman, 1991. Fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass. Science 251: 1318–1323.
Martinez-Reyna, J.M. & K.P. Vogel, 2002. Incompatibility systems in switchgrass. Crop Sci 42: 1800–1805.
Newell, L.C., 1936. Annual Report, Grass Improvement Investigations, USDA and the Nebraska AES, Lincoln, NE.
Ntanos, D.A. & D.G. Roupakias, 2001. Comparative efficiency of two breeding methods for yield and quality in rice. Crop Sci 41: 345–350.
Roupakias, D., A. Zesopoulou, S. Kazolea, G. Dalkalistes, A. Mavromatis & T. Lazaridou, 1997. Effectiveness of early generation selection under two plant densities in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Euphytica 93: 63–70.
Sanderson, M.A. & D.D. Wolf, 1995. Switchgrass biomass composition during morphological development in diverse environments. Crop Sci 35: 1432–1438.
Sanderson, M.A., R.L. Reed, S.B. McLaughlin, S.D. Wullschleger, B.V. Conger, D.J. Parrish, D.D. Wolf, C. Taliaferro, A.A. Hopkins, W.R. Osumpaugh, M.A. Hussey, J.C. Read & C.R. Tischler, 1996. Switchgrass as a sustainable bioenergy source. Bioresour Technol 56: 83–93.
Steele, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Talbert, L.E., D.H. Timothy, J.C. Burns, J.O. Rawlings & R.H. Moll, 1983. Estimates of genetic parameters in switchgrass. Crop Sci 23: 725–728.
Todatlidis, I.S., J.T. Tsialtas, I.N. Xynias, E. Tamoutsidis & M. Irakli, 2004. Variation within a bread wheat cultivar for grain yield, protein content, carbon isotope discrimination and ash content. Field Crop Res 86: 33–42.
Thomas, J.B., G.B. Schaalje & M.N. Grant, 1994. Height, competition and yield potential in winter wheat. Euphytica 74: 9–17.
Vogel, K.P. & J.F. Pederson, 1993. Breeding systems for cross-pollinated perennial grasses. Plant Breed Rev 11: 251–275.
Vogel, K.P., C.L. Dewald, H.J. Gorz & F.A. Haskins, 1985. Development of switchgrass, indiangrass, and eastern gamagrass: Current status and future. In : Proceedings of the Symposium on Range Plant Improvement in Western North America: Current Status and Future, 14 February 1985, Salt Lake City, UT, Society for Range Management, Denver, CO, pp. 51–62.
Wang, J. & W.G. Hill, 2000. Marker assisted selection to increase effective population size by reducing Mendelian segregation variance. Genetics 154: 475–489.
Wiebe, G.A., F.C. Petr & W. Stevens, 1963. Interplant competition between barley genotypes. In: Statistical Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Academy of Science, National Research Council, Publication 1093, National Academy of Science, Washington, DC, pp. 546–555.