HOMOPLASY AS PATTERN: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE IN ANSERIFORMES
Tóm tắt
This basic data‐pattern model is appropriate for the explanation of the character convergences implied by a particular phylogenetic hypothesis. Under the assumptions of the model, the underlying ordination pattern may be inferred from the observed character data using robust ordination procedures recently developed in community ecology.
As an illustration of the method, the morphological convergences derived from a recent phylogenetic hypothesis for genera of Anseriformes are analysed. In the resulting two‐dimensional ordination, the genera are arranged such that the convergenlly derived states form regions in the space. While this pattern implies that some of the taxa that are close together in the space are phylogcnetically
The explanatory power of the pattern and the degree of recovery of habitat information are tested against null hypotheses using Monte Carlo simulations.
Extensions of the method are discussed, including applications to studies of parasite—host relationships and to biogeography.
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