Long Noncoding RNA Arid2-IR Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Renal Inflammation

Chung, 2013, MicroRNA and nephropathy: emerging concepts, Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis, 6, 169 Lorenzen, 2011, MicroRNAs as mediators and therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease, Nat Rev Nephrol, 7, 286, 10.1038/nrneph.2011.26 Li, 2013, The microRNA miR-433 promotes renal fibrosis by amplifying the TGF-β/Smad3-Azin1 pathway, Kidney Int, 84, 1129, 10.1038/ki.2013.272 Ponting, 2009, Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs, Cell, 136, 629, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.006 Wang, 2011, Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs, Mol Cell, 43, 904, 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.018 Spizzo, 2012, Long non-coding RNAs and cancer: a new frontier of translational research?, Oncogene, 31, 4577, 10.1038/onc.2011.621 Wapinski, 2011, Long noncoding RNAs and human disease, Trends Cell Biol, 21, 354, 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.04.001 Zhou, 2014, Identification of novel long noncoding RNAs associated with TGF-β/Smad3-mediated renal inflammation and fibrosis by RNA sequencing, Am J Pathol, 184, 409, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.007 Huang, 2014, Urinary Xist is a potential biomarker for membranous nephropathy, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 452, 415, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.077 Lan, 2011, Diverse roles of TGF-β/Smads in renal fibrosis and inflammation, Int J Biol Sci, 7, 1056, 10.7150/ijbs.7.1056 Meng, 2010, Smad2 protects against TGF-beta/Smad3-mediated renal fibrosis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 21, 1477, 10.1681/ASN.2009121244 Chung, 2009, Disruption of the Smad7 gene promotes renal fibrosis and inflammation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 24, 1443, 10.1093/ndt/gfn699 Chen, 2011, The protective role of Smad7 in diabetic kidney disease: mechanism and therapeutic potential, Diabetes, 60, 590, 10.2337/db10-0403 Inazaki, 2004, Smad3 deficiency attenuates renal fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction, Kidney Int, 66, 597, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00779.x Liu, 2012, Smad3 mediates ANG II-induced hypertensive kidney disease in mice, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 302, F986, 10.1152/ajprenal.00595.2011 Loots, 2004, rVISTA 2.0: evolutionary analysis of transcription factor binding sites, Nucleic Acids Res, 32, W217, 10.1093/nar/gkh383 Sui, 2012, Altered long non-coding RNA expression profile in patients with IgA-negative mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, Int J Mol Med, 30, 173 Yang, 1999, Targeted disruption of SMAD3 results in impaired mucosal immunity and diminished T cell responsiveness to TGF-beta, EMBO J, 18, 1280, 10.1093/emboj/18.5.1280 Ashcroft, 1999, Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response, Nat Cell Biol, 1, 260, 10.1038/12971 Huang, 2010, Smad3 mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive cardiac remodeling, Hypertension, 55, 1165, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.147611 Daly, 2010, Smad3 protein levels are modulated by Ras activity and during the cell cycle to dictate transforming growth factor-beta responses, J Biol Chem, 285, 6489, 10.1074/jbc.M109.043877 Park, 2003, Transforming growth factor-beta1 activates interleukin-6 expression in prostate cancer cells through the synergistic collaboration of the Smad2, p38-NF-kappaB, JNK, and Ras signaling pathways, Oncogene, 22, 4314, 10.1038/sj.onc.1206478 Guttman, 2012, Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs, Nature, 482, 339, 10.1038/nature10887 Khalil, 2009, Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106, 11667, 10.1073/pnas.0904715106 Ørom, 2010, Long noncoding RNAs with enhancer-like function in human cells, Cell, 143, 46, 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.001 Li, 2011, Inactivating mutations of the chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 in hepatocellular carcinoma, Nat Genet, 43, 828, 10.1038/ng.903 Xu, 2012, Essential role of ARID2 protein-containing SWI/SNF complex in tissue-specific gene expression, J Biol Chem, 287, 5033, 10.1074/jbc.M111.279968 Yan, 2005, PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex requires a novel specificity subunit, BAF200, to regulate expression of selective interferon-responsive genes, Genes Dev, 19, 1662, 10.1101/gad.1323805 Lan, 2003, Inhibition of renal fibrosis by gene transfer of inducible Smad7 using ultrasound-microbubble system in rat UUO model, J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, 1535, 10.1097/01.ASN.0000067632.04658.B8 Qin, 2011, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling promotes renal fibrosis by inhibiting miR-29, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 1462, 10.1681/ASN.2010121308 Zhong, 2011, Smad3-mediated upregulation of miR-21 promotes renal fibrosis, J Am Soc Nephrol, 22, 1668, 10.1681/ASN.2010111168 Chen, 2014, MicroRNA-29b inhibits diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice, Mol Ther, 22, 842, 10.1038/mt.2013.235