New sources of high-temperature tolerant rhizobia for Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Tóm tắt
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents an important crop in tropics, but previous screenings of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli did not show strains that could fix N2 in symbiosis with bean at temperatures higher than 35°C (Hungria and Franco, 1993). However, there are other rhizobia and bradyrhizobia species that nodulate some tropical leguminous trees and can fix N2 at high temperatures. In a trial of rhizobial strains isolated from leguminous trees, we found that 14 out of 21 isolates from Gliricidia, Lonchocarpus and Leucaena were also able to nodulate common beans at optimal temperatures (28/23°C, day/night). When we exposed beans inoculated with these strains to high temperature conditions, 40°C/8 h/day, some of them accumulated at flowering time as much or more N as bean plants receiving mineral N. These broad host-range sources of rhizobia capable of fixing nitrogen with bean at high temperature seem to have the potential to improve yields in tropical soils.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bromfield E S P and Kumar Roa J V D K 1983 Studies on fast and slow growing Rhizobium spp. nodulating Cajanus cajan and Cicer arietinum. Ann. Appl. Biol. 102, 465–493.
Chen W X, Yan G H and Li J L 1988 Numerical taxonomic study of fast-growing soybean rhizobia and a proposal that Rhizobium fredii be assigned to Sinorhizobium gen. nov. Int. J. System. Bact. 38, 393–397.
Cunha C O and Franco A A 1988 Efeito de altas temperaturas na nodulaçâo e crescimento de 10 leguminosas arbóreas. Acad. Bras. Ci., Julho, Rio de Janeiro (abstract).
Dakora F D and Vincent J M 1984 Fast-growing bacteria from nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 56, 327–330.
Flores M, González V, Brom S, Martínez E, Piñero D, Romero D, Dávila G and Palacios R 1987 Reiterated DNA sequences in Rhizobium and Agrobacterium spp. J. Bacteriol. 169, 5782–5788.
Hungria M and Franco A A 1993 Effects of high temperatures on nodulation and N2 fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plant and Soil 149, 95–102.
Karanja N K and Wood M 1988 Selecting Rhizobium phaseoli strains for use with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kenya: Tolerance of high temperature and antibiotic resistance. Plant and Soil 112, 15–22.
Keyser H J, Bohlool B B, Hu T S and Weber D F 1982 Fast-growing rhizobia isolated from root nodules of soybean. Science 215, 1631–1632.
LaFavre A K and Eaglesham A R J 1986 The effects of high temperatures on soybean nodulation and growth with different strains of bradyrhizobia. Can. J. Microbiol. 32, 22–27.
Lange R T 1961 Nodule bacteria associated with the indigenous Leguminosae of South-Western Australia. J. Gen. Microbiol. 26, 351–359.
Martinez E, Flores M, Brom S, Romero D, Dávila G and Palacios R 1988 Rhizobium phaseoli: A molecular genetics view. Plant Soil 108, 179–184.
Martínez E, Pardo M A, Palacios R and Cevallos M A 1985 Reiteration of nitrogen fixation gene sequences and specificity of Rhizobium in nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Phaseolus vulgaris. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1779–1786.
Martínez-Romero E, Segovia L, Mercante F M, Franco A A, Graham P and Pardo M A 1991 Rhizobium tropici, a novel species nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans and Leucaena sp. trees. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41, 417–426.
Munévar F and WollumII A G 1981 Growth of Rhizobium japonicum strains at temperatures above 27°C. Appl. Environ. Microb. 42, 272–276.
Nutman P S 1981 Hereditar host factors affecting nodulation and nitrogen fixation. In Current Perspectives in Nitrogen Fixation. Eds. A HGibson and W ENewton. pp 194–204. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
Pankhurst C E and Layzell D B 1984 The effect of bacterial strains and temperature changes on the nitrogenase activity of Lotus pedunculatus root nodules. Physiol. Plant. 62, 404–409.
Piha M I and Munns D N 1987 Sensitivity of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) symbiosis to high soil temperature. Plant and Soil 98, 183–194.
Soberón-Chaves G, Nájera R, Olivera H and Segovia L 1986 Genetic rearrangements of a Rhizobium phaseoli symbiotic plasmid. J. Bacteriol. 167, 487–491.
Stanley J and Cervantes E 1991 Biology and genetics of the broad host range Rhizobium sp. NGR 234. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70, 9–19.
Trevors J T 1986 Plasmid curing in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 149–157.
Vincent J M 1970 Manual for the Practical Study of Root Nodule Bacteria. IBP Handbook nr. 15. Blackwell, Oxford. 164 p.
Vincent J M 1980 Factors controlling the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. In Nitrogen fixation. Vol II. Eds. W ENewton and W JOrme-Johnson. pp 103–129. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD.