Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies

European Psychiatry - Tập 23 - Trang 289-299 - 2008
Andrew C. Stanfield1, Andrew M. McIntosh1, Michael D. Spencer1, Ruth Philip1, Sonia Gaur2, Stephen M. Lawrie1
1Division of Psychiatry, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
22790 Skypark Drive, Suite 307, Torrance, CA 90505, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractBackground

Structural brain abnormalities have been described in autism but studies are often small and contradictory. We aimed to identify which brain regions can reliably be regarded as different in autism compared to healthy controls.

Method

A systematic search was conducted for magnetic resonance imaging studies of regional brain size in autism. Data were extracted and combined using random effects meta-analysis. The modifying effects of age and IQ were investigated using meta-regression.

Results

The total brain, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and caudate nucleus were increased in volume, whereas the corpus callosum area was reduced. There was evidence for a modifying effect of age and IQ on the cerebellar vermal lobules VI–VII and for age on the amygdala.

Conclusions

Autism may result from abnormalities in specific brain regions and a global lack of integration due to brain enlargement. Inconsistencies in the literature partly relate to differences in the age and IQ of study populations. Some regions may show abnormal growth trajectories.


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