Drug use patterns in the presence of crack in downtown Montréal

Drug and Alcohol Review - Tập 31 Số 1 - Trang 72-80 - 2012
Élise Roy1,2, Nelson Arruda3, Éric Vaillancourt2, Jean-François Boivin4, Carole Morissette1, Pascale Leclerc1, Michel Alary5, Philippe Bourgois6
1Montreal Health and Social Services Agency, Public Health Department, Montreal, Canada
2University of Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addiction Research Study Program, Longueuil, Canada
3Independent Investigator and Consultant
4McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Montreal, Canada
5St-Sacrement Hospital, Quebec University Health Centers, Population Health Research Unit, Research Center, Quebec, Canada
6Richard Perry University, Departments of Anthropology and Family Medicine and Community Health, Philadelphia, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. A study was undertaken to verify reports of an increasing presence of crack in downtown Montréal, and to investigate the influence of crack availability on current drug use patterns among street‐based cocaine users.Design and Methods. The study combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. These included long‐term intensive participant observation carried out by an ethnographer familiar with the field and a survey. The ethnographic component involved observations and unstructured interviews with 64 street‐based cocaine users. Sampling was based on a combination of snowballing and purposeful recruitment methods. For the survey, structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 387 cocaine users attending HIV/HCV prevention programs, downtown Montréal.Results. A gradual shift has occurred in the last 10 years, with the crack street market overtaking the powder cocaine street market. Although the data pointed to an increase in crack smoking, 54.5% of survey participants both smoked and injected cocaine. Drug market forces were major contributing factors to the observed modes of cocaine consumption. While the study focused primarily on cocaine users, it became apparent from the ethnographic fieldwork that prescription opioids (POs) were very present on the streets. According to the survey, 52.7% of participants consumed opioids, essentially POs, with 88% of them injecting these drugs.Discussion and Conclusions. Despite the increased availability of crack, injection is still present among cocaine users due at least in part to the concurrent increasing popularity of POs.[Roy E, Arruda N, Vaillancourt E, Boivin J‐F, Morissette C, Leclerc P, Alary M, Bourgois P. Drug use patterns in the presence of crack in downtown Montréal. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:72–80]

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Drug and Alcohol Review

Tập 31 Số 1

72-80

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