Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies

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249 Sampson, 2002, Flavonol and flavone intakes in US health professionals, J Am Diet Assoc, 102, 1414, 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90314-7 Gugler, 1975, Disposition of quercetin in man after single oral and intravenous doses, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 9, 229, 10.1007/BF00614022 Hollman, 1995, Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers, Am J Clin Nutr, 62, 1276, 10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1276 Hollman, 1996, Absorption and disposition kinetics of the dietary antioxidant quercetin in man, Free Radic Biol Med, 21, 703, 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00129-3 Hollman, 1997, Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man, FEBS Lett, 418, 152, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01367-7 Manach, 1998, Quercetin is recovered in human plasma as conjugated derivatives which retain antioxidant properties, FEBS Lett, 426, 331, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00367-6 Aziz, 1998, Absorption and excretion of conjugated flavonols, including quercetin-4′- O -β-glucoside and isorhamnetin-4′- O -β-glucoside by human volunteers after the consumption of onions, Free Radic Res, 29, 257, 10.1080/10715769800300291 McAnlis, 1999, Absorption and antioxidant effects of quercetin from onions, in man, Eur J Clin Nutr, 53, 92, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600682 Hollman, 1999, The sugar moiety is a major determinant of the absorption of dietary flavonoid glycosides in man, Free Radic Res, 31, 569, 10.1080/10715769900301141 Olthof, 2000, Bioavailabilities of quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-4′-glucoside do not differ in humans, J Nutr, 130, 1200, 10.1093/jn/130.5.1200 Boyle, 2000, Bioavailability and efficiency of rutin as an antioxidant: a human supplementation study, Eur J Clin Nutr, 54, 774, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601090 Erlund, 2000, Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 56, 545, 10.1007/s002280000197 Graefe, 2001, Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of quercetin glycosides in humans, J Clin Pharmacol, 41, 492, 10.1177/00912700122010366 DuPont, 2002, Polyphenols from alcoholic apple cider are absorbed, metabolized and excreted by humans, J Nutr, 132, 172, 10.1093/jn/132.2.172 Goldberg, 2003, Absorption of three wine-related polyphenols in three different matrices by healthy subjects, Clin Biochem, 36, 79, 10.1016/S0009-9120(02)00397-1 Moon, 2000, Accumulation of quercetin conjugates in blood plasma after the short-term ingestion of onion by women, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 279, R461, 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.R461 Day, 2001, Human metabolism of dietary flavonoids: identification of plasma metabolites of quercetin, Free Radic Res, 35, 941, 10.1080/10715760100301441 Wittig, 2001, Identification of quercetin glucuronides in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 753, 237, 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00549-1 Sesink, 2001, Quercetin glucuronides but not glucosides are present in human plasma 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XXVI. 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metabolites of tea catechins formed in humans, mice, and rats, Chem Res Toxicol, 15, 1042, 10.1021/tx010184a Lee, 2002, Pharmacokinetics of tea catechins after ingestion of green tea and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate by humans: formation of different metabolites and individual variability, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, 1025 Chow, 2001, Phase I pharmacokinetic study of tea polyphenols following single-dose administration of epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 53 Unno, 1996, Analysis of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate in human serum obtained after ingesting green tea, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 60, 2066, 10.1271/bbb.60.2066 van Amelsvoort, 2001, Plasma concentrations of individual tea catechins after a single oral dose in humans, Xenobiotica, 31, 891, 10.1080/00498250110079149 Nakagawa, 1997, Dose-dependent incorporation of tea catechins, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (−)-epigallocatechin, into human plasma, Biosci Biotechnol 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II. 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