Meat‐related mutagens/carcinogens in the etiology of colorectal cancer

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Tập 44 Số 1 - Trang 44-55 - 2004
Amanda J. Cross1, Rashmi Sinha2
1Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
2Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland

Tóm tắt

AbstractDiets containing substantial amounts of red or preserved meats may increase the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. This association may be due to a combination of factors such as the content of fat, protein, iron, and/or meat preparation (e.g., cooking or preserving methods). Red meat may be associated with colorectal cancer by contributing to N‐nitroso compound (NOC) exposure. Humans can be exposed to NOCs by exogenous routes (from processed meats in particular) and by endogenous routes. Endogenous exposure to NOCs is dose‐dependently related to the amount of red meat in the diet. Laboratory results have shown that meats cooked at high temperatures contain other potential mutagens in the form of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the role of these compounds, we have created separate databases for HCAs and PAHs, which we have used in conjunction with a validated meat‐cooking food frequency questionnaire. The role of meat type, cooking methods, doneness levels, and meat‐cooking mutagens has been examined in both case‐control studies and prospective cohort studies, with mixed results. Here, we review the current epidemiologic knowledge of meat‐related mutagens, and evaluate the types of studies that may be required in the future to clarify the association between meat consumption and colorectal cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:44–55, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/S0140-6736(98)06099-1

10.1093/carcin/24.2.275

10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00269-5

10.1093/carcin/17.3.515

Bingham SA, 2002, Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N‐nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response, J Nutr, 132, 3522, 10.1093/jn/132.11.3522S

10.1002/ijc.2910270408

Boobis AR, 1994, CYP1A2‐catalyzed conversion of dietary heterocyclic amines to their proximate carcinogens is their major route of metabolism in humans, Cancer Res, 54, 89

Bos JL, 1989, ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review, Cancer Res, 49, 4682

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010289

10.1093/aje/kwf221

10.1097/00008571-199206000-00003

10.1093/carcin/6.6.911

10.1093/carcin/8.8.1085

10.1093/carcin/12.3.435

10.1093/carcin/17.3.533

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-270-2

Canzian F, 1994, Instability of microsatellites in rat colon tumors induced by heterocyclic amines, Cancer Res, 54, 6315

ChenJ StampferMJ HoughHL Garcia‐ClosasM WillettWC HennekensCH KelseyKT

Hunter DJ, 1998, A prospective study of N‐acetyltransferase genotype, red meat intake, and risk of colorectal cancer, Cancer Res, 58, 3307

Chou HC, 1995, Metabolic activation of N‐hydroxy arylamines and N‐hydroxy heterocyclic amines by human sulfotransferase(s), Cancer Res, 55, 525

Clinton SK, 1988, Effects of ammonium acetate and sodium cholate on N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐ nitrosoguanidine‐induced colon carcinogenesis of rats, Cancer Res, 48, 3035

10.1093/carcin/12.7.1197

Cross AJ, 2003, Heme, not protein or inorganic iron, is responsible for endogenous intestinal N‐nitrosation arising from red meat, Cancer Res, 63, 2358

10.1093/carcin/19.1.117

10.1093/ajcn/32.10.2094

10.1016/S1383-5742(00)00003-X

10.1093/carcin/21.4.607

10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00152-8

Department of Health, 1998, Report on health and social subjects 48. nutritional aspects of the development of cancer: report of the working group on diet and cancer of the committee on medical aspects of food and nutrition policy

Dingley KH, 1999, DNA and protein adduct formation in the colon and blood of humans after exposure to a dietary‐relevant dose of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8, 507

10.1093/carcin/23.12.2043

10.1016/0278-6915(89)90120-8

10.1016/0278-6915(94)90087-6

10.1093/aje/kwg099

10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00033-9

10.1016/0926-6917(94)90022-1

10.1074/jbc.270.12.6644

10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00118-4

10.1002/ijc.2910490408

10.1515/REVEH.1997.12.3.133

10.1038/bjc.1991.239

10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601352

10.1093/carcin/22.1.199

10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00032-8

10.1016/0165-1218(91)90119-7

10.1093/carcin/15.8.1711

10.1289/ehp.929869

Kampman E, 1999, Meat consumption, genetic susceptibility, and colon cancer risk: a United States multicenter case‐control study, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8, 15

10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00158-7

Key TJ, 1999, Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies, Am J Clin Nutr, 70, 516, 10.1093/ajcn/70.3.516s

Kidd LC, 1999, Urinary excretion of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in White, African‐American, and Asian‐American men in Los Angeles County, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8, 439

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990315)80:6<852::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-S

10.1016/0021-9673(92)85683-K

10.1016/0278-6915(94)90002-7

Knize MG, 1995, Heterocyclic amine content in fast‐food meat products, Food Chem Toxicol, 33, 545, 10.1016/0278-6915(95)00025-W

Lang NP, 1986, Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferase in human colorectal cancer, Arch Surg, 121, 1259, 10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400110045007

Lang NP, 1994, Rapid metabolic phenotypes for acetyltransferase and cytochrome P4501A2 and putative exposure to food‐borne heterocyclic amines increase the risk for colorectal cancer or polyps, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 3, 675

10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00167-7

10.1093/jn/121.6.887

Lynch AM, 1992, Intra‐ and interindividual variability in systemic exposure in humans to 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline and 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, carcinogens present in cooked beef, Cancer Res, 52, 6216

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115044

Macfarlane GT, 1986, Protein degradation by human intestinal bacteria, J Gen Microbiol, 132, 1647

10.3109/00365528709095895

10.1016/0278-6915(88)90230-X

10.1016/0006-291X(92)91703-S

10.1016/0304-3835(95)03786-V

10.2105/AJPH.84.5.856

10.1111/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07002.x

10.1002/ijc.10126

10.1093/carcin/20.6.1107

10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00164-1

10.1016/0165-1218(91)90130-E

Ohshima H, 1981, Quantitative estimation of endogenous nitrosation in humans by monitoring N‐nitrosoproline excreted in the urine, Cancer Res, 41, 3658

Ohshima H, 1987, N‐nitrosamine formation in urinary‐tract infections, IARC Sci Publ, 384

Owen RW, 1997, Faecal steroids and colorectal carcinogenesis, Scand J Gastroenterol, 222, 76, 10.1080/00365521.1997.11720725

10.1207/S15327914NC381_11

10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00038-8

10.1093/carcin/16.5.1157

10.1002/em.10205

Peters U, 2003, Urine mutagenicity and colorectal adenoma risk, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 12, 1253

10.1016/S1383-5742(99)00016-2

10.1016/0959-8049(93)90467-T

Potter JD, 1999, Colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps: smoking and N‐acetyltransferase 2 polymorphisms, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 8, 69

10.1023/A:1018416128894

Reddy BS, 1980, Effect of high‐fat, high‐beef diet and of mode of cooking of beef in the diet on fecal bacterial enzymes and fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, J Nutr, 110, 1880, 10.1093/jn/110.9.1880

10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91012-0

Rothman N, 1993, Contribution of occupation and diet to white blood cell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐DNA adducts in wildland firefighters, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2, 341

10.1093/carcin/11.7.1241

10.1093/carcin/14.1.79

Saffhill R, 1985, Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents, Biochim Biophys Acta, 823, 111

Sandhu MS, 2001, Systematic review of the prospective cohort studies on meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a meta‐analytical approach, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 439

10.1093/carcin/20.3.353

10.1097/00008571-199310000-00003

Shirai T, 1995, Carcinogenicity of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats: dose‐response studies, Princess Takamatsu Symp, 23, 232

10.1016/S0378-4274(98)00366-X

10.1080/01635589709514596

10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00043-2

Sinha R, 1994, Pan‐fried meat containing high levels of heterocyclic aromatic amines but low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induces cytochrome P4501A2 activity in humans, Cancer Res, 54, 6154

Sinha R, 1995, High concentrations of the carcinogen 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo‐[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) occur in chicken but are dependent on the cooking method, Cancer Res, 55, 4516

10.1093/carcin/16.11.2859

10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00162-2

10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00159-2

Sinha R, 1999, Well‐done, grilled red meat increases the risk of colorectal adenomas, Cancer Res, 59, 4320

Sinha R, 2000, Dietary heterocyclic amines and the risk of lung cancer among Missouri women, Cancer Res, 60, 3753

10.1093/jnci/92.16.1352

Sinha R, 2001, Dietary intake of heterocyclic amines, meat‐derived mutagenic activity, and risk of colorectal adenomas, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 559

10.1093/carcin/16.4.861

10.1093/carcin/14.12.2517

10.1111/j.1464-410X.1981.tb03147.x

Stillwell WG, 1997, Urinary excretion of unmetabolized and phase II conjugates of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline in humans: relationship to cytochrome P4501A2 and N‐acetyltransferase activity, Cancer Res, 57, 3457

10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00163-X

10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00045-6

Terry P, 2001, No association between fat and fatty acids intake and risk of colorectal cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 913

10.1093/carcin/12.10.1839

10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00116-0

10.1093/carcin/15.10.2263

Visek WJ, 1978, Diet and cell growth modulation by ammonia, Am J Clin Nutr, 31, S216, 10.1093/ajcn/31.10.S216

Wakabayashi K, 1992, Food‐derived mutagens and carcinogens, Cancer Res, 52, 2092

10.1039/an9780301127

10.1038/276280a0

WCRF, 1997, Food, nutrition and cancer: a global perspective

10.1093/carcin/18.7.1351

10.1093/carcin/8.4.541