Artificial implants for the regeneration of peripheral nerves
Tóm tắt
Axonal regeneration is possible in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, nerve lesions can be cured by suturing the dissociated nerve stumps or by grafting an autologous nerve. Since nerve transplantations cause a sensory deficit at the donor site, it is desirable to develop artificial implants for nerve regeneration. Artificial implants have to promote and guide axonal growth, the migration of Schwann cells and must not cause inflammation. Hollow tubes as nerve bridges are already used in the clinic. However, with these it is not possible to achieve nerve regeneration over distances much longer than 30 mm. For this purpose, a number of natural and synthetic materials have already been tested. Biocompatible tubes are being developed which contain orientated fibers or gels with longitudinal channels. In addition, artificial guidance materials are endowed with specific biological functions. Most frequently, extracellular matrix proteins or synthetic peptides that activate integrin receptors are coupled to the materials. Other approaches use gradients of neurotrophins or incorporate living cells. In the long run, a major goal of research is to develop cell-free artificial implants which allow a similar degree of regeneration as is possible with autologous nerve transplants.
Tài liệu tham khảo
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