Synthesis of CdS thin films at room temperature by RF-magnetron sputtering and study of its structural, electrical, optical and morphology properties

Lv, 2016, The phase segregation in CdTe/CdS heterojunction and its effect on photo current of CdTe thin films solar cell, Sol. Energy, 136, 460, 10.1016/j.solener.2016.07.030 Shen, 2016, A structure of CdS/CuxS quantum dots sensitized solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, 213901, 10.1063/1.4952435 Sellers, 2015, Design, Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of InP/CdS/CdSe and CdTe/CdS/CdSe (Core/Shell/Shell) Quantum Dots for Photon Upconversion, 1 Lai, 2016, Investigation of the copper concentration on photocurrent collection of CuInSe2 solar cells, Int. J. Energy Res., 40, 1957, 10.1002/er.3573 Su, 2000, Electrostatic assisted aerosol jet deposition of CdS, CdSe and ZnS thin films, Thin Solid Films, 361–362, 102, 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00857-3 Apolinar-Iribe, 2011, Acetylacetone as complexing agent for CdS thin films grow chemical bath deposition, Chalcogenide Letters, 8, 77 Wacogne, 1995, Effective piezoelectric activity of zinc oxide films grown by radio-frequency planar magnetron sputtering, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67, 1674, 10.1063/1.115053 Keis, 2002, A 5% efficient photoelectrochemical solar cell based on nanostructured ZnO electrodes, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 73, 51, 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00110-6 Sharma, 2016, Synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanosheets for smart photocatalytic and sensing applications, Ceram. Int., 42, 6601, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.12.151 Trajic, 2015, Raman spectroscopy of optical properties in CdS thin films, Sci. Sinter., 47, 145, 10.2298/SOS1502145T Senthil, 2001, Structural and optical properties of CdS thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci., 169–170, 476, 10.1016/S0169-4332(00)00732-7 Sarma, 2001, Chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin film for optical and optoelectronic applications, J. Instrum. Soc. India, 31, 216 Gevorgyan, 2016, Substrate temperature and annealing effects on the structural and optical properties of nano-CdS films deposited by vacuum flash evaporation technique, Chalcogenide Lett., 13, 331 Shay, 1975, 503 Tao, 2016, 7.1% efficient co-electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells with sputtered CdS buffer layers, Green Chem., 18, 550, 10.1039/C5GC02057C Giberti, 2015, Electrical conductivity of CdS films for gas sensing: Selectivity properties to alcoholic chains, Sens, Actuators B, 207, 504, 10.1016/j.snb.2014.10.054 Khan, 2014, Application of NS pulsed laser ablation for dense CdS nanoparticles deposition in argon atmosphere, SOP Trans. Appl. Phys., 1, 48, 10.15764/APHY.2014.02006 Zhang, 2016, A generalized in situ electrodeposition of Zn doped CdS-based photoelectrochemical strategy for the detection of two metal ions on the same sensing platform, Biosens. Bioelectron., 77, 936, 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.074 Kim, 2016, Fabrication of ZnO/CdS, ZnO/CdO core/shell nanorod arrays and investigation of their ethanol gas sensing properties, Sensors Actuators B, 223, 599, 10.1016/j.snb.2015.09.158 Wilson, 2016, Surface modification of cadmium sulfide thin film honey comb nanostructures: Effect of in situ tin doping using chemical bath deposition, Appl. Surf. Sci., 361, 277, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.184 Yılmaz, 2015, Comparative studies of CdS, CdS:Al, CdS:Na and CdS:(Al–Na) thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis, Superlattice. Microst., 88, 299, 10.1016/j.spmi.2015.09.021 Evans, 1989, Random-deposition models for thin-film epitaxial growth, Phys. Rev. B, 39, 5655, 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.5655 Reis, 2001, Universality and corrections to scaling in the ballistic deposition model, Phys. Rev. E, 63 Jullien, 1985, Surface thickness in the Eden model, Phys. Rev. Lett., 54, 2055, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.2055 Sarma, 2002, Universality class of discrete solid-on-solid limited mobility nonequilibrium growth models for kinetic surface roughening, Phys. Rev. E, 65, 036144, 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.036144 Volkovich, 2008, A statistical model of cluster stability, Pattern Recogn., 41, 2174, 10.1016/j.patcog.2008.01.008 Lent, 1984, Diffraction from stepped surfaces: I. reversible surfaces, Surf. Sci., 139, 121, 10.1016/0039-6028(84)90013-X Jadhavar, 2015, Synthesis of indium tin oxide (ITO) as a transparent conducting layer for solar cells by RF sputtering, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 3, 126 Cullity, 2001 Tauc, 1972, States in the gap, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 8, 569, 10.1016/0022-3093(72)90194-9 Swanepoel, 1983, Determination of the thickness and optical constants of amorphous silicon, J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum., 16, 1214, 10.1088/0022-3735/16/12/023 Sigmund, 1987, Mechanisms and theory of physical sputtering by particle impact, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B, 27, 1, 10.1016/0168-583X(87)90004-8 Camacho-Espinosa, 2014, Physical properties of sputtered CdTe thin films, Indian J. Appl. Res., 4, 588, 10.15373/2249555X/MAY2014/186 Srinivasan, 2012, Effect of pyridine as a ligand in precursor on morphology of CdS nanoparticles, Superlattice. Microst., 51, 912, 10.1016/j.spmi.2012.03.006 Williamson, 1956, Dislocation densities in some annealed and cold-worked metals from measurements on the X-ray debye-scherrer spectrum, Philos. Mag., 1, 34, 10.1080/14786435608238074 Girija, 2009, Structural, morphological and optical studies of CdSe thin films from ammonia bath, Chalcogenide Letters, 6, 351 Dingyu, 2011, Structural and optical properties of polycrystalline CdS thin films deposited by electron beam evaporation, J. Semicond., 32, 023001 Chuu, 1991, Raman investigations of the surface modes of the crystallites in CdS thin films grown by pulsed laser and thermal evaporation, J. Appl. Phys., 69, 8402, 10.1063/1.347405 Kumar, 2012, Nanotwinning and structural phase transition in CdS quantum dots, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 7, 1, 10.1186/1556-276X-7-584 Richter, 1981, The one phonon Raman spectrum in microcrystalline silicon, Solid State Commun., 39, 625, 10.1016/0038-1098(81)90337-9 Jerominek, 1988, CdS microcrystallites-doped thin-film glass waveguides, J. Appl. Phys., 63, 957, 10.1063/1.340039 El Maliki, 2003, Study of the influence of annealing on the properties of CBD-CdS thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci., 205, 65, 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)01082-6 Roy, 2006, A new approach towards the growth of cadmium sulphide thin film by CBD method and its characterization, Mater. Chem. Phys., 95, 235, 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.06.010 Hota, 2007, Characterization of nano-sized CdS–Ag2S core-shell nanoparticles using XPS technique, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 293, 5, 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.06.036 Rakshit, 2012, CdS-decorated ZnO nanorod heterostructures for improved hybrid photovoltaic devices, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 6085, 10.1021/am301721h Lee, 2013, Characteristics of CdS thin films deposited on glass and Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 layer using chemical bath deposition, Thin Solid Films, 548, 64, 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.101 Obaid, 2013, Fabrication and characterisations of n-CdS/p-PbS heterojunction solar cells using microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition, Sol. Energy, 89, 143, 10.1016/j.solener.2012.12.010 Pérez González, 2009, Effects of indium doping on the structural and optical properties of CdSe thin films deposited by chemical bath, Rev. Mex. Fis., 55, 51 Enríquez, 2003, Influence of the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 76, 313, 10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00283-0 Mishra, 2010, Growth mechanism and photoluminescence property of flower-like ZnO nanostructures synthesized by starch-assisted sonochemical method, Ultrason. Sonochem., 17, 560, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.10.017 Dongre, 2009, Structural, optical and photoelectrochemical characterization of CdS nanowire synthesized by chemical bath deposition and wet chemical etching, Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 6115, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.01.064 Nkum, 1998, Band gap energies of semiconducting sulphides and selenides, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 55, 102, 10.1016/S0921-5107(98)00193-7 Nair, 1989, Prospects of chemically deposited metal chalcogenide thin films for solar control applications, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 22, 829, 10.1088/0022-3727/22/6/021 Sarma, 1991, A new universality class for kinetic growth: One-dimensional molecular-beam epitaxy, Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, 325, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.325 Almeida, 2015, Temperature effect on (2+1) experimental Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth, Europhys. Lett., 109, 46003, 10.1209/0295-5075/109/46003 Barabási, 1995